<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">-- Copyright 2006-2012 Philipp Lehman
-- Copyright 2012-2022 Philipp Lehman, Joseph Wright, Audrey Boruvka,
--   Philip Kime
-- Copyright 2022 Augusto Stoffel
-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LPPL-1.3c
--
-- Adapted from the biblatex package documentation, which can be found at
-- https://ctan.org/pkg/biblatex.
ctan_package = "biblatex"
dependencies = {
  "blx-case-expl3.sty",
  "blx-case-latex2e.sty",
  "etexcmds.sty",
  "etoolbox.sty",
  "expl3.sty",
  "iftex.sty",
  "ifthen.sty",
  "infwarerr.sty",
  "keyval.sty",
  "kvoptions-patch.sty",
  "kvoptions.sty",
  "kvsetkeys.sty",
  "logreq.sty",
  "ltxcmds.sty",
  "pdftexcmds.sty",
  "url.sty",
  "xparse.sty"
}
commands = {
  AtBeginBibliography = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtBeginBibliography{code}
```

Appends the `code` to an internal hook executed at the beginning of the
bibliography. The `code` is executed at the beginning of the list of
references, immediately after the `begin code` of `\defbibenvironment`.
This command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  AtBeginBiblist = {
    arguments = {{meta = "biblistname"}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtBeginBiblist{biblistname}{code}
```

Appends the `code` to an internal hook executed at the beginning of the
bibliography list `biblistname`. The `code` is executed at the beginning
of the bibliography list, immediately after the `begin code` of
`\defbibenvironment`. This command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  AtEveryCitekey = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtEveryCitekey{code}
```

Appends the `code` to an internal hook executed once for every entry key
passed to a citation command. The `code` is executed immediately before
the `loopcode` of the command (see ??). The bibliographic data of the
respective entry is available at this point. This command may only be
used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  AtEveryEntrykey = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}, {meta = "success"}, {meta = "failure"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtEveryEntrykey{code}{success}{failure}
```

Appends `code` to an internal hook executed every time an entrykey is
processed for a citation command or `\nocite`. The `code` is passed one
argument (`#1`), which contains the entrykey. If the code can be
appended to the hook `success` is executed, otherwise `failure` is
executed. Unlike `\AtEveryCitekey` the entry data of the current
entrykey is not available when `code` is processed, indeed it is not
even known whether or not there is any entry data at all.
]]
  },
  AtEveryLositem = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtEveryLositem{code}
```

Appends the `code` to an internal hook executed at the beginning of
every item in the list of shorthands. The `code` is executed immediately
after the `item code` of `\defbibenvironment`. The bibliographic data of
the respective entry is available at this point. This command may only
be used in the preamble.

This is just an alias for:

    \AtEveryBiblistitem{shorthand}{code}
]]
  },
  AtNextBibliography = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtNextBibliography{code}
```

Similar to `\AtBeginBibliography` but only affecting the next
`\printbibliography`. The internal hook is cleared after being executed
once. This command may be used in the document body.
]]
  },
  AtNextCite = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtNextCite{code}
```

Similar to `\AtEveryCite` but only affecting the next citation command.
The internal hook is cleared after being executed once. This command may
be used in the document body.
]]
  },
  AtNextCitekey = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtNextCitekey{code}
```

Similar to `\AtEveryCitekey` but only affecting the next entry key. The
internal hook is cleared after being executed once. This command may be
used in the document body.
]]
  },
  AtUsedriver = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtUsedriver*{code}
```

Appends the `code` to an internal hook executed when initializing
`\usedriver`. The starred variant of the command clears the
initialisation hook, so the defaults can be overwritten. This command
may only be used in the preamble. The default setting is:

    \AtUsedriver{%
      \delimcontext{bib}%
      \let\finentry\blx@finentry@usedrv
      \let\newblock\relax
      \let\abx@macro@bibindex\@empty
      \let\abx@macro@pageref\@empty}
]]
  },
  AtVolcite = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\AtVolcite{code}
\AtVolcite*{code}
```

Appends the `code` to an internal hook executed when initializing
`\volcite`. The starred variant of the command clears the initialisation
hook, so the defaults can be overwritten. This command may only be used
in the preamble. The default setting is:

    \AtVolcite{%
      \DeclareFieldAlias{postnote}{volcitenote}}
]]
  },
  Autocite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\autocite[prenote][postnote]{key}
\Autocite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

In contrast to other citation commands, the `\autocite` command does not
only scan ahead for punctuation marks following its last argument to
avoid double punctuation marks, it actually moves them around if
required. For example, with `autocite=footnote`, a trailing punctuation
mark will be moved such that the footnote mark is printed after the
punctuation. `\Autocite` is similar to `\autocite` but capitalizes the
name prefix of the first name in the citation if the `useprefix` option
is enabled, provided that there is a name prefix and the citation style
prints any name at all.

```latex
\Autocite*[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

The starred variants of `\autocite` do not behave differently from the
regular ones. The asterisk is simply passed on to the backend command.
For example, if `\autocite` is configured to use `\parencite`, then
`\autocite*` will execute `\parencite*`.
]]
  },
  Autocites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Autocites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

This is the multicite version of `\autocite`. It also detects and moves
punctuation if required. Note that there is no starred variant.
`\Autocites` is similar to `\autocites` but capitalizes the name prefix
of the first name in the citation if the `useprefix` option is enabled,
provided that there is a name prefix and the citation style prints any
name at all.
]]
  },
  Avolcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {meta = "volume"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "pages", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Avolcite[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

Similar to `\volcite` but based on `\autocite`.
]]
  },
  Avolcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Avolcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}|\\...|[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\avolcite` and `\Avolcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  Cite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\cite[prenote][postnote]{key}
\Cite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

These are the bare citation commands. They print the citation without
any additions such as parentheses. The numeric and alphabetic styles
still wrap the label in square brackets since the reference may be
ambiguous otherwise. `\Cite` is similar to `\cite` but capitalizes the
name prefix of the first name in the citation if the `useprefix` option
is enabled, provided that there is a name prefix and the citation style
prints any name at all.
]]
  },
  Citeauthor = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\citeauthor[prenote][postnote]{key}
\citeauthor*[prenote][postnote]{key}
\Citeauthor[prenote][postnote]{key}
\Citeauthor*[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

These commands print the authors. Strictly speaking, it prints the
`labelname` list, which may be the `author`, the `editor`, or the
`translator`. `\Citeauthor` is similar to `\citeauthor` but capitalizes
the name prefix of the first name in the citation if the `useprefix`
option is enabled, provided that there is a name prefix. The starred
variants effectively force maxcitenames to 1 for just this command on so
only print the first name in the labelname list (potentially followed by
the Â«et alÂ» string if there are more names). This allows more natural
textual flow when refering to a paper in the singular when otherwise
`\citeauthor` would generate a (naturally plural) list of names.
]]
  },
  Cites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\cites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key}
\Cites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\cite` and `\Cite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  DeclareBabelToExplLanguageMapping = {
    arguments = {{meta = "babel language"}, {meta = "expl language"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBabelToExplLanguageMapping{babel language}{expl language}
```

This command is only available if the `expl3` case changing code is
used.

Use `expl language` as `language` argument for the `l3text` case
changing functions when `babel language` is active. This command is only
required if `babel language` should correspond to a language for which
`l3text` has special rules set up. The default invocations of this
command are

    \DeclareBabelToExplLanguageMapping{dutch}{nl}
    \DeclareBabelToExplLanguageMapping{greek}{el}
    \DeclareBabelToExplLanguageMapping{turkish}{tr}
]]
  },
  DeclareBibliographyCategory = {
    arguments = {{meta = "category"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBibliographyCategory{category}
```

Declares a new `category`, to be used in conjunction with
`\addtocategory` and the `category` and `notcategory` filters of
`\printbibliography`. This command is used in the document preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareBibliographyDriver = {
    arguments = {{meta = "entrytype"}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{entrytype}{code}
```

Defines a bibliography driver. A &amp;lt;driver&gt; is a macro which handles a
specific entry type (when printing bibliography lists) or a specific
named bibliography list (when printing bibliography lists). The
`entrytype` corresponds to the entry type used in `bib` files, specified
in lowercase letters (see ??). The `entrytype` argument may also be an
asterisk. In this case, the driver serves as a fallback which is used if
no specific driver for the entry type has been defined. The `code` is
arbitrary code which typesets all bibliography entries of the respective
`entrytype`. This command is mandatory. Every bibliography style should
provide a driver for each entry type.
]]
  },
  DeclareBibliographyExtras = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBibliographyExtras{code}
```

This command is only available in `lbx` files. It is used to adapt
language specific features such as the date format and ordinals. The
`code`, which may be arbitrary LaTeX code, will usually consist of
redefinitions of the formatting commands from ??.
]]
  },
  DeclareBibliographyOption = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "datatype", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "value", optional = true},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBibliographyOption[datatype]{key}[value]{code}
```
]]
  },
  DeclareBibliographyStrings = {
    arguments = {{meta = "definitions"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBibliographyStrings{definitions}
```

This command is only available in `lbx` files. It is used to define
localisation strings. The `definitions` consist of `key=value`pairs
which assign an expression to an identifier. A complete list of all keys
supported by default is given is ??. Note that the syntax of the value
is different in `lbx` files. The value assigned to a key consists of two
expressions, each of which is wrapped in an additional pair of brackets.
This is best shown by example:

    \DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
      bibliography  = {{Bibliography}{Bibliography}},
      shorthands    = {{List of Abbreviations}{Abbreviations}},
      editor        = {{editor}{ed.}},
      editors       = {{editors}{eds.}},
    }

The first value is the long, written out expression, the second one is
an abbreviated or short form. Both strings must always be given even
though they may be identical if an expression is always (or never)
abbreviated. Depending on the setting of the `abbreviate` package option
(see ??), `biblatex`selects one expression when loading the `lbx` file.
There is also a special key named `inherit` which copies the strings
from a different language. This is intended for languages which only
differ in a few expressions, such as German and Austrian or American and
British English. For example, here are the complete definitions for
Austrian:

    \DeclareBibliographyStrings{%
      inherit       = {german},
      january       = {{J\"anner}{J\"an.}},
    }

The above examples are slightly simplified. Real localisation files
should use the punctuation and formatting commands discussed in ??
instead of literal punctuation. Here is an excerpt from a real
localisation file:

      bibliography     = {{Bibliography}{Bibliography}},
      shorthands       = {{List of Abbreviations}{Abbreviations}},
      editor           = {{editor}{ed\adddot}},
      editors          = {{editors}{eds\adddot}},
      byeditor         = {{edited by}{ed\adddotspace by}},
      mathesis         = {{Master's thesis}{MA\addabbrvspace thesis}},

Note the handling of abbreviation dots, the spacing in abbreviated
expressions, and the capitalization in the example above. All
expressions should be capitalized as they usually are when used in the
middle of a sentence. The `biblatex`package will automatically
capitalize the first word when required at the beginning of a sentence,
see `\DeclareCapitalPunctuation` in ?? for details. Expressions intended
for use in headings are special. They should be capitalized in a way
that is suitable for titling and should not be abbreviated (but they may
have a short form).
]]
  },
  DeclareBiblistFilter = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBiblistFilter{name}{specification}
```

Defines a bibliography list filter with `name`. The `specification`
consists of one or more `\filter` or `\filteror` macros, all of which
must be satisfied for the entry to pass the filter:
]]
  },
  DeclareBibstringSet = {
    arguments = {{meta = "setname"}, {meta = "key, ... "}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareBibstringSet{setname}{key, ... }
```

This commands assigns all `key`s to the bibliography string set
`setname`.
]]
  },
  DeclareCapitalPunctuation = {
    arguments = {{meta = "characters"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareCapitalPunctuation{characters}
```

When `biblatex`inserts localisation strings, i.e. key terms such as
&amp;lt;edition&gt; or &amp;lt;volume&gt;, it automatically capitalizes them after
terminal punctuation marks. This command defines the punctuation marks
which will cause localisation strings to be capitalized if one of them
precedes a string. Note that `characters` is an undelimited list of
characters. Valid `characters` are period, comma, semicolon, colon,
exclamation and question mark. The package default is:

    \DeclareCapitalPunctuation{.!?}

Using `\DeclareCapitalPunctuation` with an empty argument is equivalent
to disabling automatic capitalization. Since this feature is language
specific, this command must be used in the argument to
`\DefineBibliographyExtras` (when used in the preamble) or
`\DeclareBibliographyExtras` (when used in a localisation module). See
?? for details. By default, strings are capitalized after periods,
exclamation marks, and question marks. All strings are generally
capitalized at the beginning of a paragraph (in fact whenever TeX is in
vertical mode).
]]
  },
  DeclareCaseLangs = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "languages"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareCaseLangs{languages}
\DeclareCaseLangs*{languages}
```

Defines the list of languages which are considered by the
`\MakeSentenceCase*` command as it converts a string to sentence case.
The `languages` argument is a comma-separated list of
`babel`/`polyglossia` language identifiers. The regular version of this
command replaces the current setting, the starred version appends its
argument to the current list. The default setting is:

    \DeclareCaseLangs{%
      american,british,canadian,english,australian,newzealand,USenglish,UKenglish}

See the `babel`/`polyglossia` manuals and ?? for a list of languages
identifiers.
]]
  },
  DeclareCitePunctuationPosition = {
    arguments = {{meta = "command"}, {meta = "position"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareCitePunctuationPosition{command}{position}
```

Set up the cite command `command` to move punctuation marks after the
citation like `\autocite`. The `position` argument can take the values
`r`, `l`, `f`, `c`, `o` and `d`. If an unknown `position` identifier is
used, it defaults to `o`.

r  
The punctuation mark is not moved and remains to the right of the
citation.

l  
The punctuation mark is moved to the left of the citation and thus
appears before it.

f  
Like `r` in footnotes and like `l` otherwise.

c  
Pass the punctuation on to the internal implementation of the citation
commands. It will then be executed within the `wrapper` command if
given.

o  
Retain the default setup of `c` for citation defined commands without
`wrapper` command and `l` for citation commands defined with a `wrapper`
command.

d  
Drop the explicit punctuation mark. It will only be available as the
field `postpunct`.

This command can not be used for `\autocite`, to configure `\autocite`
use the optional `position` argument for `\DeclareAutoCiteCommand`.
]]
  },
  DeclareDataInheritance = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "source, ... "},
      {meta = "target, ... "},
      {meta = "rules"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDataInheritance[options]{source, ... }{target, ... }{rules}
```

Declares inheritance rules. The `source` and `target` arguments specify
the parent and the child entry type. Either argument may be a single
entry type, a comma-separated list of types, or an asterisk. The
asterisk matches all entry types. The `rules` are an undelimited list of
`\inherit` and/or `\noinherit` directives. Spaces, tabs, and line
endings may be used freely to visually arrange the `rules`. Blank lines
are not permissible. This command may only be used in the preamble. The
options are:

`ignore=&lt;csv list of uniqueness options&gt;`  
As the `ignore` option on `\DefaultInheritance` explained above. When
set here, it takes precedence over any global options set with
`\DefaultInheritance`. For example, this would ignore `singletitle` and
`uniquetitle` tracking for a `book` inheriting from a `mvbook`.

    \DeclareDataInheritance[ignore={singletitle,uniquetitle}]{mvbook}{book}{&lt;&lt;...&gt;&gt;}
]]
  },
  DeclareDatafieldSet = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDatafieldSet{name}{specification}
```

Declare a set of datasource fields with name `name`.

`name=&lt;set name&gt;`  
The name of the set.

The `specification` is one or more `\member` items:
]]
  },
  DeclareDatamodelConstant = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "constantdef"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDatamodelConstant[options]{name}{constantdef}
```

Declares the `name` as a datamodel constant with definition
`constantdef`. Such constants are typically used internally by `biber`.

`type={string, list}`  
A constant can be a simple string (default if the `type` option is
omitted) or a comma-separated list of strings.
]]
  },
  DeclareDatamodelConstraints = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entrytypes", optional = true},
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDatamodelConstraints[entrytypes]{specification}
```

If a comma-separated list of `entrytypes` is given, the constraints
apply only to those entrytypes. The `specification` is an undelimited
list of `\constraint` directives which specify a constraint. Spaces,
tabs, and line endings may be used freely to visually arrange the
`specification`. Blank lines are not permissible.
]]
  },
  DeclareDatamodelFields = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "fields"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDatamodelFields[options]{fields}
```

Declares the comma-separated list of `fields` to be valid fields in the
data model with associated comma-separated `options`. The `type` and
`datatype` options are mandatory. All valid `options` are:

`type=&lt;field type&gt;`  
Set the type of the field as described in ??, typically &amp;lt;field&gt; or
&amp;lt;list&gt;.

`format=&lt;field format&gt;`  
Any special format of the field. Normally unspecified but can take the
value &amp;lt;xsv&gt; which tells `biber`that this field has a separated values
format. The exact separator can be controlled with the `biber`option
`xsvsep` and defaults to the expected comma surrounded by optional
whitespace.

`datatype=&lt;field datatype&gt;`  
Set the datatype of the field as described in ??. For example, &amp;lt;name&gt;
or &amp;lt;literal&gt;.

`nullok`  
The field is allowed to be defined but empty.

`skipout`  
The field is not output to the `.bbl` and is therefore not present
during `biblatex`style processing. As usual in TeX csv lists, make sure
each element is immediately followed by a comma or the closing
brace---no extraneous whitespace.

`label`  
The field can be used as a label in a bibliography or bibliography list.
Specifying this causes `biblatex`to create several helper macros for the
field so that there are some internal lengths and headings etc. defined.
]]
  },
  DeclareDelimAlias = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "alias context, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "alias"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "delim context", optional = true},
      {meta = "delim"}
    },
    deprecated = true,
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDelimAlias*[alias context, ... ]{alias}[delim context]{delim}
```

The starred version of `\DeclareDelimAlias` is deprecated in favour of
using unstarred `\DeclareDelimAlias` with optional arguments.

It assigns the delimiter alias for specific contexts only. The first
optional argument `alias context` holds a list of contexts for which the
assignment is going to be performed. If it is empty or missing the
global/empty context is assumed. The second optional argument
`delim context` specifies the context of the target delimiter. This
argument may not be a list, it can only hold one context. If it is
missing the `alias context` is assumed (if `alias context` is a list,
the assignment is performed separately for each list item), if it is
empty the global context is used.
]]
  },
  DeclareDelimFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "context, ... ", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDelimFormat[context, ... ]{name}{code}
\DeclareDelimFormat*[context, ... ]{name}{code}
```

Declares the delimiter macro `name` with the replacement text `code`. If
the optional comma-separated list of `contexts` is given, declare `name`
only for those contexts. `name` defined without any `contexts` behaves
just like the global delimiter definitions which `\newcommand`
gives---just a plain macro with a replacement which can be used as
`\name`. However, you can also call delimiter macros defined in this way
by using `\printdelim`, which is context-aware. The starred version
clears all `context` specific declarations for all `names` first.
]]
  },
  DeclareDriverSourcemap = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "datatype=driver",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareDriverSourcemap[datatype=driver]{specification}
```

This command sets the driver default source mappings for the specified
`driver`. Such mappings are conceptually separate from user mappings
defined with `\DeclareSourcemap` and style mapping defined with
`\DeclareStyleSourcemap`. They consist of mappings which are part of the
driver setup. Users should not normally need to change these. Driver
default mapping are applied after user mappings (`\DeclareSourcemap`)
and style mappings (`\DeclareStyleSourcemap`). These defaults are
described in Appendix ??. The `specification` is identical to that for
`\DeclareSourcemap` but without the `\maps` elements: the
`specification` is just a list of `\map` elements since each
`\DeclareDriverSourcemap` only applies to one datatype driver. See the
default definitions in Appendix ?? for examples.
]]
  },
  DeclareEntryOption = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "datatype", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "value", optional = true},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareEntryOption[datatype]{key}[value]{code}
```

Similar to `\DeclareBibliographyOption` but defines options which are
settable on a per-entry basis in the `options` field from ??. The `code`
is executed whenever `biblatex`prepares the data of the entry for use by
a citation command or a bibliography driver.
]]
  },
  DeclareExtradate = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareExtradate{specification}
```

Defines how `biber`tracks information used to construct the `extradate`
field. This field (see ??) is printed to disambiguate works by the same
author which occur in the same date scope. By default, the date scope is
the year and so two works by the same author within the same year will
have different `extradate` values which are used to disambiguate the
works in the bibliography in the usual manner seen in many authoryear
type styles. The `specification` is one or more `\scope` specifications
which can contain one or more `\field` specifications. Within a
`\scope`, the existence of each `\field` will be checked and if found,
the first `\field` is used and the rest are ignored. This allows a
fallback in case certain fields are not available in all entries. All
`\scope`s are used to track information and `\scope`s should be
specified in decreasing order of generality (e.g. year then month then
day etc) The default definition is:

    \DeclareExtradate{%
      \scope{
        \field{labelyear}
        \field{year}
      }
    }

This means that the `labelyear` field only (or `year` if this does not
exist) will be used to track works by the same author. With the
following datasource entries:

    {}
    @BOOK{extra1,
      AUTHOR = {John Doe},
      DATE   = {2001-01}
    }

    @BOOK{extra2,
      AUTHOR = {John Doe},
      DATE   = {2001-02}
    }

The default definition would result in:

    {}
    Doe 2001a
    Doe 2001b

Here, `extradate` only considers the `(`(label)year) information and
since this is identical, disambiguation is required. However, consider
the following definition:

    \DeclareExtradate{%
      \scope{
        \field{labelyear}
        \field{year}
      }
      \scope{
        \field{labelmonth}
      }
    }

The result would be:

    {}
    Doe 2001
    Doe 2001

If only years were printed, this would be ambiguous because `extradate`
now considers `labelmonth` and since this differs, no disambiguation is
necessary. Care should therefore be taken to synchronise the printed
information with the `extradate` disambiguation settings. Notice that
the second definition is &amp;lt;month-in-year&gt; disambiguation and quite
different from:

    \DeclareExtradate{%
      \scope{
        \field{labelmonth}
      }
    }

which is just plain &amp;lt;month&gt; disambiguation which is very unlikely to
be what you ever want to do since this disambiguation only based on
month and ignores the year entirely. `extradate` calculation should
almost always be based on all information down to the resolution you
require. For example, if you wish to disambiguate right down to the hour
level (perhaps useful in large bibliographies of rapidly changing online
material), you would specify something like this:

    \DeclareExtradate{%
      \scope{
        \field{labelyear}
        \field{year}
      }
      \scope{
        \field{labelmonth}
      }
      \scope{
        \field{labelday}
      }
      \scope{
        \field{labelhour}
      }
    }

Entries without the specified granularity of information will
disambiguate at the lowest granularity they contain, so, for example,
with:

    \DeclareExtradate{%
      \scope{
        \field{labelyear}
        \field{year}
      }
      \scope{
        \field{labelmonth}
      }
    }

    {}
    @BOOK{extra1,
      AUTHOR = {John Doe},
      DATE   = {2001}
    }

    @BOOK{extra2,
      AUTHOR = {John Doe},
      DATE   = {2001}
    }

The result would still be:

    {}
    Doe 2001a
    Doe 2001b

This command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareFieldFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "entrytype, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareFieldFormat[entrytype, ... ]{format}{code}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the field format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed by `\printfield`. The value of the field
will be passed to the `code` as its first and only argument. The name of
the field currently being processed is available to the `code` as
`\currentfield`. If an `entrytype` is specified, the format is specific
to that type. The `entrytype` argument may be a comma-separated list of
values. The starred variant of this command is similar to the regular
version, except that all type-specific formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareFieldInputHandler = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareFieldInputHandler{field}{code}
```

This command can be used to define a data input handler for `field` when
it is read from the `.bbl`. The `code` is passed one argument (`#1`),
which contains the input field value, it should then redefine the
command `\NewValue`, which holds the desired output field value. For
example, to ignore the `volumes` field when it appears, you could do

    \DeclareFieldInputHandler{volumes}{\def\NewValue{}}

Generally, you would want to use `\DeclareSourcemap` (see ??) to remove
and modify fields but this alternative method may be useful in some
circumstances when the emphasis is on appearance rather than data since
the `code` can be arbitraty TeX .

In general, `\DeclareFieldInputHandler` should not be used to apply
formatting to a field, since that should happen with
`\DeclareFieldFormat`, so the following is just a toy example that shows
how `\DeclareFieldInputHandler` works.

    \DeclareFieldInputHandler{volumes}{\def\NewValue{\textbf{#1}}}
]]
  },
  DeclareIndexFieldAlias = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareIndexFieldAlias[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Declares `alias` to be an alias for the field format `format`. If an
`entrytype` is specified, the alias is specific to that type. The
`format entry type` is the entry type of the backend format. This is
only required when declaring an alias for a type-specific formatting
directive.
]]
  },
  DeclareIndexFieldFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareIndexFieldFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the field format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed by `\indexfield`. The value of the field
will be passed to the `code` as its first and only argument. The name of
the field currently being processed is available to the `code` as
`\currentfield`. If an `entrytype` is specified, the format is specific
to that type. The `entrytype` argument may be a comma-separated list of
values. This command is similar to `\DeclareFieldFormat` except that the
data handled by the `code` is not intended to be printed but written to
the index. Note that `\indexfield` will execute the `code` as is, i.e.
the `code` must include `\index` or a similar command. The starred
variant of this command is similar to the regular version, except that
all type-specific formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareIndexListFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareIndexListFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the literal list format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed for every item in a list processed by
`\indexlist`. The current item will be passed to the `code` as its only
argument. The name of the literal list currently being processed is
available to the `code` as `\currentlist`. If an `entrytype` is
specified, the format is specific to that type. The `entrytype` argument
may be a comma-separated list of values. This command is similar to
`\DeclareListFormat` except that the data handled by the `code` is not
intended to be printed but written to the index. Note that `\indexlist`
will execute the `code` as is, i.e. the `code` must include `\index` or
a similar command. The starred variant of this command is similar to the
regular version, except that all type-specific formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareIndexNameAlias = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareIndexNameAlias[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Declares `alias` to be an alias for the name list format `format`. If an
`entrytype` is specified, the alias is specific to that type. The
`format entry type` is the entry type of the backend format. This is
only required when declaring an alias for a type-specific formatting
directive.
]]
  },
  DeclareIndexNameFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareIndexNameFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the name list format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed for every name in a list processed by
`\indexnames`. The name of the name list currently being processed is
available to the `code` as `\currentname`. If an `entrytype` is
specified, the format is specific to that type. The `entrytype` argument
may be a comma-separated list of values. The parts of the name will be
passed to the `code` as separate arguments. This command is very similar
to `\DeclareNameFormat` except that the data handled by the `code` is
not intended to be printed but written to the index. Note that
`\indexnames` will execute the `code` as is, i.e. the `code` must
include `\index` or a similar command. The starred variant of this
command is similar to the regular version, except that all type-specific
formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareLabelalphaNameTemplate = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "name", optional = true},
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareLabelalphaNameTemplate[name]{specification}
```

Defines the `labelalphaname` template `name`. The `name` is optional and
defaults to `&lt;global&gt;`.

Such templates specify how to extract a label string from a name list
when a `\field` specification in `\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate` contains a
name list.
]]
  },
  DeclareLabelalphaTemplate = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "", optional = true},
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate[]{specification}
```

Defines the alphabetic label template for the given entrytypes. If no
entrytypes are specified in the first argument, then the global label
template is defined. The `specification` is an undelimited list of
`\labelelement` directives which specify the elements used to build the
label. Spaces, tabs, and line endings may be used freely to visually
arrange the `specification`. Blank lines are not permissible. This
command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareLabelname = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "entrytype, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareLabelname[entrytype, ... ]{specification}
```

Defines the fields to consider when generating the `labelname` field
(see ??). The `specification` is an ordered list of `\field` commands.
The fields are checked in the order listed and the first field which is
available will be used as `labelname`. This is the default definition:

    \DeclareLabelname{%
      \field{shortauthor}
      \field{author}
      \field{shorteditor}
      \field{editor}
      \field{translator}
    }

The `labelname` field may be customized globally or on a per-type basis.
If the optional `entrytype` argument is given, the specification applies
to the respective entry type. If not, it is applied globally. The
`entrytype` argument may be a comma-separated list of values. This
command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareLanguageMappingSuffix = {
    arguments = {{meta = "suffix"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareLanguageMappingSuffix{suffix}
```

This command defines a language file suffix which will be added when
looking for `.lbx` language string definition files. This is intended
for styles which provide their own `.lbx` files so that they will be
used automatically. For example, the APA style defines:

    \DeclareLanguageMappingSuffix{-apa}

When the document language is &amp;lt;german&gt;, `biblatex`will look for the
file `german-apa.lbx` which defines some APA specific strings and in
turn loads `german.lbx`. If `\DeclareLanguageMapping` is defined for a
language, this overrides `\DeclareLanguageMappingSuffix`.

The suffix will be applied to other language files loaded recursively by
the loading of a language file. For example, given the suffix defined
above, when loading &amp;lt;ngerman&gt;, `biblatex`will look for the file
`ngerman-apa.lbx` and if this recursively loads &amp;lt;german&gt;, then
biblatex will look for `german-apa.lbx`. Infinite recursion is of course
avoided.
]]
  },
  DeclareListAlias = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareListAlias[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Declares `alias` to be an alias for the literal list format `format`. If
an `entrytype` is specified, the alias is specific to that type. The
`format entry type` is the entry type of the backend format. This is
only required when declaring an alias for a type-specific formatting
directive.
]]
  },
  DeclareListFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareListFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the literal list format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed for every item in a list processed by
`\printlist`. The current item will be passed to the `code` as its first
and only argument. The name of the literal list currently being
processed is available to the `code` as `\currentlist`. If an
`entrytype` is specified, the format is specific to that type. The
`entrytype` argument may be a comma-separated list of values. Note that
the formatting directive also handles the punctuation to be inserted
between the individual items in the list. You need to check whether you
are in the middle of or at the end of the list, i.e. whether `listcount`
is smaller than or equal to `liststop`. The starred variant of this
command is similar to the regular version, except that all type-specific
formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareListWrapperAlias = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareListWrapperAlias[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Declares `alias` to be an alias for the outer list format `format`. If
an `entrytype` is specified, the alias is specific to that type. The
`format entry type` is the entry type of the backend format. This is
only required when declaring an alias for a type-specific formatting
directive.
]]
  },
  DeclareListWrapperFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareListWrapperFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the list wrapper format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed once for the entire list processed by
`\printlist`. The name of the literal list currently being processed is
available to the `code` as `\currentlist`. If an `entrytype` is
specified, the format is specific to that type. The `entrytype` argument
may be a comma-separated list of values. The starred variant of this
command is similar to the regular version, except that all type-specific
formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareMultiCiteCommand = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "command"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "cite"},
      {meta = "delimiter"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareMultiCiteCommand{command}[wrapper]{cite}{delimiter}
```

This command defines &amp;lt;multicite&gt; commands (??). The `command` is the
multicite command to be defined, for example `\cites`. It is
automatically made robust. Multicite commands are built on top of
backend commands defined with `\DeclareCiteCommand` and the `cite`
argument specifies the name of the backend command to be used. Note that
the wrapper of the backend command (i.e. the `wrapper` argument passed
to `\DeclareCiteCommand`) is ignored. Use the optional `wrapper`
argument to specify an alternative wrapper. The `delimiter` is the
string to be printed as a separator between the individual citations in
the list. This will typically be `\multicitedelim`. The following
examples are real definitions taken from `biblatex.def`:

    \DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\cites}%
        {\cite}{\multicitedelim}
    \DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\parencites}[\mkbibparens]%
        {\parencite}{\multicitedelim}
    \DeclareMultiCiteCommand{\footcites}[\mkbibfootnote]%
        {\footcite}{\multicitedelim}
]]
  },
  DeclareNameFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNameFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the name list format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed for every name in a list processed by
`\printnames`. If an `entrytype` is specified, the format is specific to
that type. The `entrytype` argument may be a comma-separated list of
values. The individual parts of a name will be available in
automatically created macros (see below). The default data mode defines
four name part which correspond to the standard BibTeX name parts
arguments:

family  
The family name(s), know as &amp;lt;last&gt; in BibTeX . If a name consists of
a single part only (for example, &amp;lt;Aristotle&gt;), this part will be
treated as the family name.

given  
The given name(s). Note that given names are referred to as the
&amp;lt;first&gt; names in the BibTeX file format documentation.

prefix  
Any name prefices, for example von, van, of, da, de, del, della, etc.
Note that name prefices are referred to as the &amp;lt;von&gt; part of the name
in the BibTeX file format documentation.

suffix  
Any name suffices, for example Jr, Sr. Note that name suffices are
referred to as the &amp;lt;Jr&gt; part of the name in the BibTeX file format
documentation.

The value of the datamodel &amp;lt;nameparts&gt; constant (see ??) creates two
macros for each name part in the datamodel for the name. So, for
example, in the default data model, name formats will have defined the
following macros:

    \namepartprefix
    \namepartprefixi
    \namepartfamily
    \namepartfamilyi
    \namepartsuffix
    \namepartsuffixi
    \namepartgiven
    \namepartgiveni

If a certain part of a name is not available, the corresponding macro
will be empty, hence you may use, for example, the `etoolbox` tests like
`\ifdefvoid` to check for the individual parts of a name. The name of
the name list currently being processed is available to the `code` as
`\currentname`. Note that the formatting directive also handles the
punctuation to be inserted between separate names and between the
individual parts of a name. You need to check whether you are in the
middle of or at the end of the list, i.e. whether `listcount` is smaller
than or equal to `liststop`. See also ??. The starred variant of this
command is similar to the regular version, except that all type-specific
formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareNameInputHandler = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNameInputHandler{name}{code}
```

As `\DeclareFieldInputHandler` but for names. Within the `code`, the
macro `\NewValue` contains the value of the name, `\NewCount` contains
the number of individual names in the name and `\NewOption` contains any
per-name options passed in the `.bbl`. Note that `\NewValue` as well as
the single argument to `code` contain the internal representation of the
name list.
]]
  },
  DeclareNameWrapperFormat = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"},
      {meta = "code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNameWrapperFormat*{format}{code}
```

Defines the list wrapper format `format`. This formatting directive is
arbitrary `code` to be executed once for the entire name list processed
by `\printnames`. The name of the literal list currently being processed
is available to the `code` as `\currentname`. If an `entrytype` is
specified, the format is specific to that type. The `entrytype` argument
may be a comma-separated list of values. The starred variant of this
command is similar to the regular version, except that all type-specific
formats are cleared.
]]
  },
  DeclareNoinit = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNoinit{specification}
```

Defines regular expressions to strip from names before generating
initials. The `specification` is an undelimited list of `\noinit`
directives which specify the regular expressions to remove from the
name. Spaces, tabs and line endings may be used freely to visually
arrange the `specification`. Blank lines are not permissible. This
command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareNolabel = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNolabel{specification}
```

Defines regular expressions to strip from any field before generating a
label part for the field. The `specification` is an undelimited list of
`\nolabel` directives which specify the regular expressions to remove
from fields. Spaces, tabs and line endings may be used freely to
visually arrange the `specification`. Blank lines are not permissible.
This command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareNolabelwidthcount = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNolabelwidthcount{specification}
```

Defines regular expressions to ignore from any field when counting
characters in fixed-width substrings. The `specification` is an
undelimited list of `\nolabelwidthcount` directives which specify the
regular expressions to ignore when counting characters for fixed-width
substrings. Spaces, tabs and line endings may be used freely to visually
arrange the `specification`. Blank lines are not permissible. This
command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareNonamestring = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNonamestring{specification}
```

Defines regular expressions to strip from name fields when generating
`fullhash` and `uniquename`. The `specification` is an undelimited list
of `\nonamestring` directives which specify the regular expressions to
remove from particular name fields. Spaces, tabs and line endings may be
used freely to visually arrange the `specification`. Blank lines are not
permissible. This command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareNosort = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNosort{specification}
```

Defines regular expressions to strip from particular fields or types of
fields when sorting. The `specification` is an undelimited list of
`\nosort` directives which specify the regular expressions to remove
from particular fields or type of field. Spaces, tabs and line endings
may be used freely to visually arrange the `specification`. Blank lines
are not permissible. This command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareNumChars = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "characters"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareNumChars{characters}
\DeclareNumChars*{characters}
```

This command configures the `\ifnumeral`, `\ifnumerals`, and `\ifpages`
tests from ??. The setup will also affect `\iffieldnum`, `\iffieldnums`,
`\iffieldpages` as well as `\mkpageprefix` and `\mkpagetotal`. The
`characters` argument is an undelimited list of characters which are to
be considered as being part of a number. The regular version of this
command replaces the current setting, the starred version appends its
argument to the current list. The default setting is:

    \DeclareNumChars{.}

This means that a (section or other) number like &amp;lt;3.4.5&gt; will be
considered as a number. Note that Arabic and Roman numerals are detected
by default, there is no need to declare them explicitly.
]]
  },
  DeclarePageCommands = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "commands"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclarePageCommands*{commands}
```

This command is similar to `\DeclareRangeCommands`, except that it only
affects the `\ifpages` and `\iffieldpages` tests but not `\ifnumerals`
and `\iffieldnums`. The default setting is:

    \DeclarePageCommands{\pno\ppno}
]]
  },
  DeclarePrefChars = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "characters"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclarePrefChars{characters}
\DeclarePrefChars*{characters}
```

This command declares characters that are to be treated specially when
testing to see if `\bibnamedelimc` is to be inserted between a name
prefix and a family name. If a character is in the list of `characters`,
`\bibnamedelimc` is not inserted. It is used to allow abbreviated name
prefices like &amp;lt;d'Argent&gt; where no space should be inserted after the
apostrophe. The starred version appends its argument to the list of
prefix characters, the unstarred version replaces the current setting.
The default setting is:

    \DeclarePrefChars{'-}

For engines that fully support Unicode these defaults are extended with

    [escapeinside={(*@}{@*)}]
    \DeclarePrefChars*{(*@â€™@*)}
]]
  },
  DeclarePresort = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "entrytype, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "string"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclarePresort[entrytype, ... ]{string}
```

Specifies a string to be used to automatically populate the `presort`
field of entries without a `presort` field. The `presort` may be defined
globally or on a per-type basis. If the optional `entrytype` argument is
given, the `string` applies to the respective entry type. If not, it
serves as the global default value. Specifying an `entrytype` in
conjunction with a blank `string` will clear the type-specific setting.
The `entrytype` argument may be a comma-separated list of values. This
command may only be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclarePrintbibliographyDefaults = {
    arguments = {{meta = "key=value, ... "}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclarePrintbibliographyDefaults{key=value, ... }
```

This command can be used to globally set defaults for some options to
`\printbibliography`, the `\bibby...` bibliography commands and
`\printbibheading`. The supported keys are

-   `env`

-   `heading`

-   `title`

-   `prenote`

-   `postnote`

-   `filter`
]]
  },
  DeclareQuotePunctuation = {
    arguments = {{meta = "characters"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareQuotePunctuation{characters}
```

This command controls &amp;lt;American-style&gt; punctuation. The `\mkbibquote`
wrapper from ?? can interact with the punctuation facilities discussed
in ??. Punctuation marks after `\mkbibquote` will be moved inside the
quotes if they have been registered with `\DeclareQuotePunctuation`.
Note that `characters` is an undelimited list of characters. Valid
`characters` are period, comma, semicolon, colon, exclamation and
question mark. Here is an example:

    \DeclareQuotePunctuation{.,}

Executing `\DeclareQuotePunctuation{}` is equivalent to disabling this
feature. This is the package default. Since this feature is language
specific, this command must be used in the argument to
`\DefineBibliographyExtras` (when used in the preamble) or
`\DeclareBibliographyExtras` (when used in a localisation module). See
?? for details. See also ??.
]]
  },
  DeclareRangeChars = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "characters"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareRangeChars*{characters}
```

This command configures the `\ifnumerals` and `\ifpages` tests from ??.
The setup will also affect `\iffieldnums` and `\iffieldpages` as well as
`\mkpageprefix` and `\mkpagetotal`. The `characters` argument is an
undelimited list of characters which are to be considered as range
indicators. The regular version of this command replaces the current
setting, the starred version appends its argument to the current list.
The default setting is:

    \DeclareRangeChars{~,;-+/}

For engines that fully support Unicode these defaults are extended with

    [escapeinside={(*@}{@*)}]
    \DeclareRangeChars*{(*@â€“â€”@*)}

This means that strings like &amp;lt;3--5&gt;, &amp;lt;35+&gt;, &amp;lt;8/9&gt; and so on
will be considered as a range by `\ifnumerals` and `\ifpages`. Non-range
characters in such strings are recognized as numbers. So strings like
&amp;lt;3a--5a&gt; and &amp;lt;35b+&gt; are not deemed to be ranges by default. See
also ?? for further details.
]]
  },
  DeclareRangeCommands = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "commands"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareRangeCommands*{commands}
```

This command is similar to `\DeclareRangeChars`, except that the
`commands` argument is an undelimited list of commands which are to be
considered as range indicators. The regular version of this command
replaces the current setting, the starred version appends its argument
to the current list. The default list is rather long and should cover
all common cases; here is a shorter example:

    \DeclareRangeCommands{\&amp;\bibrangedash\textendash\textemdash\psq\psqq}

See also ?? for further details.
]]
  },
  DeclareRedundantLanguages = {
    arguments = {{meta = "language, language, ..."}, {meta = "langid, langid, ..."}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareRedundantLanguages{language, language, ...}{langid, langid, ...}
```

This command provides the language mappings required by the `clearlang`
option from ??. The `language` is the string given in the `language`
field (without the optional `lang` prefix); `langid` is
`babel`/`polyglossia`'s language identifier, as given in the optional
argument of `\usepackage` when loading `babel` or the argument of
`\setdefaultlanguage` or `\setotherlanguages` when using `polyglossia`.
This command may be used in `lbx` files or in the document preamble.
Here are some examples:

    \DeclareRedundantLanguages{french}{french}
    \DeclareRedundantLanguages{german}{german,ngerman,austrian,naustrian,
            nswissgerman,swissgerman}
    \DeclareRedundantLanguages{english,american}{english,american,british,
        canadian,australian,newzealand,USenglish,UKenglish}

Note that this feature needs to be enabled globally with the `clearlang`
option from ??. If it is disabled, all mappings will be ignored. If the
`langid` parameter is blank, `biblatex`will clear the mappings for the
corresponding `language`, i.e. the feature will be disabled for this
`language` only.
]]
  },
  DeclareRefcontext = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "key=value, ... "}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareRefcontext{name}{key=value, ... }
```

Declares a named reference context with name `name`. The `key=value`
options define the context attributes. All context attributes are
optional and default to the global settings if absent. The valid options
are:

`sorting=&lt;name&gt;`  
Specify a sorting template defined previously with
`\DeclareSortingTemplate`. This template is used to determine which data
to retrieve and/or print for an entry in the commands inside the
context.

`sortingnamekeytemplatename=&lt;name&gt;`  
Specify a sorting name key template defined previously with
`\DeclareSortingNamekeyTemplate`. This template is used to construct
sorting keys for names inside the context. The template name can also be
specified (in increasing order of preference) per-entry, per-name list
and per-name. See ?? for information on setting per-option, per-namelist
and per-name options.

`uniquenametemplatename=&lt;name&gt;`  
Specify a uniquename template defined previously with
`\DeclareUniquenameTemplate` (see ??). This template is used to
calculate uniqueness information for names inside the context. The
template name can also be specified (in increasing order of preference)
per-entry, per-name list and per-name. See ?? for information on setting
per-option, per-namelist and per-name options.

`labelalphanametemplatename=&lt;name&gt;`  
Specify a template defined previously with
`\DeclareLabelalphaNameTemplate` (see ??). This template is used to
construct name parts of alphabetic labels for names inside the context.
The template name can also be specified (in increasing order of
preference) per-entry, per-name list and per-name. See ?? for
information on setting per-option, per-namelist and per-name options.

`nametemplates=&lt;name&gt;`  
A convenience meta-option which sets `sortingnamekeytemplate`,
`uniquenametemplate` and `labelalphanametemplate` to the same template
name. This option can also be specified (in increasing order of
preference) per-entry, per-name list and per-name. See ?? for
information on setting per-option, per-namelist and per-name options.

`labelprefix=&lt;string&gt;`  
This option applies to numerical citation/bibliography styles only and
requires that the `defernumbers` option from ?? be enabled globally.
Setting this option will implicitly enable `resetnumbers` for the any
`\printbibliography` in the scope of the context (unless overridden by a
user-specified value for `resetnumbers`). The option assigns the
`string` as a prefix to all entries in the reference context. For
example, if the `string` is `A`, the numerical labels printed will be
`[A1]`, `[A2]`, `[A3]`, etc. This is useful for subdivided numerical
bibliographies where each subbibliography uses a different prefix. The
`string` is available to styles in the `labelprefix` field of all
affected entries. Note that the `string` is fully expanded, which means
that you can use context-dependent macros like `\thechapter`, but not
unexpandable commands such as `\dag`. If you need to pass unexpandable
code to `string`, protect it from expansion with `\detokenize`. See ??
for details.
]]
  },
  DeclareSortExclusion = {
    arguments = {{meta = "entrytype, ... "}, {meta = "field, ... "}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareSortExclusion{entrytype, ... }{field, ... }
```

Specifies fields to be excluded from sorting on a per-type basis. The
`entrytype` argument and the `field` argument may be a comma-separated
list of values. A blank `field` argument will clear all exclusions for
this `entrytype`. A value of &amp;lt;\*&amp;gt; for `entrytype` will exclude
`field,â€¦` for every entrytype. This is equivalent to simply deleting the
field from the sorting specification and is only normally used in
combination with `\DeclareSortInclusion` when one wishes to exclude a
field for all but explicitly included entrytypes. See example in
`\DeclareSortInclusion` below. This command may only be used in the
preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareSortingNamekeyTemplate = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "name", optional = true},
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareSortingNamekeyTemplate[name]{specification}
```

Defines how the sorting keys for names are constructed. This can change
the sorting order of names arbitrarily because you can choose how to put
together the name parts when constructing the string to compare when
sorting. The sorting key construction template so defined is called
`name` which defaults to Â«globalÂ» if this optional parameter is absent.
When constructing the sorting key for a name, a sorting key for each
name part is constructed and the key for each name is formed into an
ordered key list with a special internal separator. The point of this
option is to accommodate languages or situations where sorting of names
needs to be customised (for example, Icelandic names are sometimes
sorted by given names rather than by family names). This macro may be
used multiple times to define templates with different names which can
then be referred to later. Sorting name key templates can be specified
at the following scopes, in order of increasing precedence:

-   The default template defined without the optional name argument

-   Given as the `sortingnamekeytemplate` option to a reference context
    (see ??)

-   Given as a per-entry option `sortnamekeytemplate` in a bibliography
    data source entry

-   Given as a per-namelist option `sortnamekeytemplate`

-   Given as a per-name option `sortnamekeytemplate`

By default there is only a global template which has the following
`specification`:

    \DeclareSortingNamekeyTemplate{
      \keypart{
        \namepart[use=true]{&lt;&lt;prefix&gt;&gt;}
        \namepart{&lt;&lt;family&gt;&gt;}
      }
      \keypart{
        \namepart{&lt;&lt;given&gt;&gt;}
      }
      \keypart{
        \namepart{&lt;&lt;suffix&gt;&gt;}
      }
      \keypart{
        \namepart[use=false]{&lt;&lt;prefix&gt;&gt;}
      }
    }

This means that the key is constructed by concatenating, in order, the
name prefix (only if the `useprefix` option is true) with the family
name(s), the given names(s), the name suffix and then the name prefix
(only if the `useprefix` option is false).
]]
  },
  DeclareSortingTemplate = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareSortingTemplate[options]{name}{specification}
```

Defines the sorting template `name`. The `name` is the identifier passed
to the `sorting` option (??) when selecting the sorting template. The
`\DeclareSortingTemplate` command supports the following optional
arguments:

`locale={locale}`  
The locale for the sorting template which then overrides the global
sorting locale in the `sortlocale` option discussed in ??.

The `specification` is an undelimited list of `\sort` directives which
specify the elements to be considered in the sorting process. Spaces,
tabs, and line endings may be used freely to visually arrange the
`specification`. Blank lines are not permissible. This command may only
be used in the preamble.
]]
  },
  DeclareSourcemap = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareSourcemap{specification}
```

Defines source data modification (mapping) rules which can be used to
perform any combination of the following tasks:

-   Map data source entrytypes to different entrytypes

-   Map datasource fields to different fields

-   Add new fields to an entry

-   Remove fields from an entry

-   Modify the contents of a field using standard Perl regular
    expression match and replace[1]

-   Restrict any of the above operations to entries coming from
    particular datasources which you defined in `\addresource` macros

-   Restrict any of the above operations to entries only of a certain
    entrytype

-   Restrict any of the above operations to entries in a particular
    reference section

The `specification` is an undelimited list of `\maps` directives which
specify containers for mappings rules applying to a particular data
source type (??). Spaces, tabs, and line endings may be used freely to
visually arrange the `specification`. Blank lines are not permissible.
This command may only be used in the preamble and can be used multiple
times, the maps being run in order of definition.

[1] See for example &lt;https://perldoc.perl.org/perlretut.html&gt;,
&lt;https://perldoc.perl.org/perlrequick.html&gt; and
&lt;https://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html&gt;. There are many more resources
available about regular expessions in Perl.
]]
  },
  DeclareStyleSourcemap = {
    arguments = {{meta = "specification"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareStyleSourcemap{specification}
```

This command sets the source mappings used by a style. Such mappings are
conceptually separate from user mappings defined with
`\DeclareSourcemap` and are applied directly after user maps. The syntax
is identical to `\DeclareSourcemap`. This command is provided for style
authors so that any maps defined for the style do not interfere with
user maps or the default driver maps defined with
`\DeclareDriverSourcemap`. This command is for use in style files and
can be used multiple times, the maps being run in order of definition.
]]
  },
  DeclareUniquenameTemplate = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "name", optional = true},
      {meta = "specification"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeclareUniquenameTemplate[name]{specification}
```

Defines the `uniquename` template `name`. The `name` is optional and
defaults to `&lt;global&gt;`.

The `specification` is an ordered list of `\namepart` commands which
define the nameparts to use in determining the uniquename information.
]]
  },
  DefaultInheritance = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "exceptions", optional = true},
      {meta = "options"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DefaultInheritance[exceptions]{options}
```

Configures the default inheritance behavior. This command may only be
used in the preamble. The default behavior may be customized be setting
the following `options`:

`all`  
Whether or not to inherit all fields from the parent by default.

`all=true` means that the child entry inherits all fields from the
parent, unless a more specific inheritance rule has been set up with
`\DeclareDataInheritance`. If an inheritance rule is defined for a
field, data inheritance is controlled by that rule. `all=false` means
that no data is inherited from the parent by default and each field to
be inherited requires an explicit inheritance rule set up with
`\DeclareDataInheritance`. The package default is `all=true`.

`override`  
Whether or not to overwrite target fields with source fields if both are
defined. This applies both to automatic inheritance and to explicit
inheritance rules. The package default is `override=false`, i.e.
existing fields of the child entry are not overwritten.

`ignore=&lt;csv list of uniqueness options&gt;`  
This option takes a comma-separated list of one of more of
&amp;lt;singletitle&gt;, &amp;lt;uniquetitle&gt;, &amp;lt;uniquebaretitle&gt; and/or
&amp;lt;uniquework&gt;. The purpose of this option is to ignore tracking
information for these three options when the field which would trigger
the tracking (??) is inherited. An example---Suppose that you have
several `book` entries which all crossref a `mvbook` from which they get
their `author` field. You might reasonably want the `\ifsingletitle`
test to return &amp;lt;true&gt; for this author as their only &amp;lt;work&gt; is the
`mvbook`. Similar comments would apply to situations involving the
`\ifuniquetitle`, `\ifuniquebaretitle` and `\ifuniquework` tests. The
`ignore` option lists which of these should have their tracking
information ignored when the fields which would trigger them are
inherited. The idea is that the presence of an inherited field does not
contribute towards the determination of whether some combination of
name/title is unique in the bibliographic data. For example, this
modified default setting would ignore `singletitle` and `uniquetitle`
tracking:

    \DefaultInheritance{ignore={singletitle,uniquetitle}, all=true, override=false}

Of course, the ignoring of tracking does nothing if the fields inherited
do not play a role in tracking. Only the fields listed in ?? are
relevant to this option.

The optional `exceptions` are an undelimited list of `\except`
directives. Spaces, tabs, and line endings may be used freely to
visually arrange the `exceptions`. Blank lines are not permissible.
]]
  },
  DefineBibliographyStrings = {
    arguments = {{meta = "language"}, {meta = "definitions"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DefineBibliographyStrings{language}{definitions}
```

This command is used to define localisation strings. The `language` must
be a language name known to the `babel`/`polyglossia` packages, i.e. one
of the identifiers listed in ?? on page ??. The `definitions` are
`key=value`pairs which assign an expression to an identifier:

    \DefineBibliographyStrings{american}{%
      bibliography  = {Bibliography},
      shorthands    = {Abbreviations},
      editor        = {editor},
      editors       = {editors},
    }

A complete list of all keys supported by default is given is ??. Note
that all expressions should be capitalized as they usually are when used
in the middle of a sentence. The `biblatex`package will automatically
capitalize the first word when required at the beginning of a sentence.
Expressions intended for use in headings should be capitalized in a way
that is suitable for titling. In contrast to
`\DeclareBibliographyStrings`, `\DefineBibliographyStrings` overrides
both the full and the abbreviated version of the string. See ?? for
further details.
]]
  },
  DeprecateField = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}, {meta = "message"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeprecateField{field}{message}
\DeprecateList{list}{message}
\DeprecateName{name}{message}
```

When an attempt is made to print `field`, `list`, `name`, a deprecation
warning is issued with the additional `message`. This aids style authors
who are changing field names in their style. Note that the deprecated
item must no longer be defined in the datamodel for this to work;
`field`, `list` or `name` cannot be listed anywhere as an argument to
`\DeclareDatamodelFields`.
]]
  },
  DeprecateIndexFieldFormatWithReplacement = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeprecateIndexFieldFormatWithReplacement[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Similar to `\DeprecateFieldFormatWithReplacement` but for index field
formats.
]]
  },
  DeprecateIndexNameFormatWithReplacement = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeprecateIndexNameFormatWithReplacement[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Similar to `\DeprecateFieldFormatWithReplacement` but for index name
formats.
]]
  },
  DeprecateList = {
    arguments = {{meta = "list"}, {meta = "message"}},
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/DeprecateField/details"
  },
  DeprecateListFormatWithReplacement = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeprecateListFormatWithReplacement[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Similar to `\DeprecateFieldFormatWithReplacement` but for list formats.
]]
  },
  DeprecateListWithReplacement = {
    arguments = {{meta = "list"}, {meta = "replacement"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\DeprecateListWithReplacement{list}{replacement}
\DeprecateNameWithReplacement{name}{replacement}
```

Similar to `\DeprecateField`, `\DeprecateList` and `\DeprecateName`. The
commands do not only issue a deprecation warning, they try to define a
replacement for the deprecated field that is printed in its stead. The
`\replacement` must be of the same type as the deprecated `field`,
`list` or `name`. If the formatting of `replacement` should be applied
when printing the deprecated field, that needs to be requested with
`\DeclareFieldAlias` (see ??). Note that the deprecated item must no
longer be defined in the datamodel for this work; `field`, `list` or
`name` cannot be listed anywhere as an argument to
`\DeclareDatamodelFields`.
]]
  },
  DeprecateListWrapperFormatWithReplacement = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "format entry type",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\DeprecateListWrapperFormatWithReplacement[entry type]{alias}[format entry type]{format}
```

Similar to `\DeprecateFieldFormatWithReplacement` but for outer list
formats.
]]
  },
  DeprecateName = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "message"}},
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/DeprecateField/details"
  },
  DeprecateNameWithReplacement = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "replacement"}},
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/DeprecateListWithReplacement/details"
  },
  ExecuteBibliographyOptions = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "entrytype, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "key=value, ... "}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ExecuteBibliographyOptions[entrytype, ... ]{key=value, ... }
```

This command may also be used in the configuration file to modify the
default setting of a package option. Certain options are also settable
on a per-type basis. In this case, the optional `entrytype` argument
specifies the entry type. The `entrytype` argument may be a
comma-separated list of values.
]]
  },
  Fvolcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Fvolcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}|\\...|[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\fvolcite` and `\Fvolcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  InheritBibliographyExtras = {
    arguments = {{meta = "language"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\InheritBibliographyExtras{language}
```

This command is only available in `lbx` files. It copies the
bibliography extras for `language` to the current language, as specified
by the name of the `lbx` file.
]]
  },
  MakeCapital = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\MakeCapital{text}
```

Similar to `\MakeUppercase` but only converts the first printable
character in `text` to uppercase. Note that the restrictions that apply
to `\MakeUppercase` also apply to this command. Namely, all commands in
`text` must either be robust or prefixed with `\protect` since the
`text` is expanded during capitalization. Apart from US-ASCII characters
and the standard accent commands, this command also handles the active
characters of the `inputenc` package as well as the shorthands of the
`babel` package. If the `text` starts with a control sequence, nothing
is capitalized. This command is robust.
]]
  },
  MakeSentenceCase = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\MakeSentenceCase*{text}
```

Converts its `text` argument to sentence case, i.e. the first word is
capitalized and the remainder of the string is converted to lowercase.
This command is robust. The starred variant differs from the regular
version in that it considers the language of the entry, as specified in
the `langid` field. If the `langid` field is defined and holds a
language declared with `\DeclareCaseLangs` (see below)[1], then the
sentence case conversion is performed. If the `langid` field is
undefined, then the language list declared with `\DeclareCaseLangs` is
checked for the presence of the main document language derived from the
`language` option. If found, sentence case conversion is performed, if
not, the `text` is not altered in any way. It is recommended to use
`\MakeSentenceCase*` rather than the regular variant in formatting
directives.

Depending on the option `casechanger` `\MakeCaseChange` and
`\MakeCaseChange*` are either implemented using the `expl3` module
`l3text` or original LaTeX2É› code.

Both variants support the traditional BibTeX convention for `bib` files
that anything wrapped in a pair of curly braces is not modified when
changing the case. For example:

    \MakeSentenceCase{an Introduction to LaTeX}
    \MakeSentenceCase{an Introduction to {LaTeX}}

would yield:

    {}
    An introduction to latex
    An introduction to LaTeX

In `bib` files designed with traditional BibTeX in mind, it has been
fairly common to only wrap single letters in braces to prevent
case-changing:

    {}
    title = {An Introduction to {L}a{T}e{X}}

The problem with this convention is that the braces will suppress the
kerning on both sides of the enclosed letter. It is preferable to wrap
the entire word in braces as shown in the first example. Macros in
titles must also be protected with braces

    {}
    title = {The {\TeX book}},

The behaviour of `\MakeSentenceCase` differs slightly between the
`latex2e` and `expl3` implementation. Generally speaking, the `expl3`
code is closer to the BibTeX behaviour of `change.case$`. It is also
better equipped to deal with non-US-ASCII input and macros than the
`latex2e` implementation. `\MakeSentenceCase` behaves as follows.

-   The first letter of its argument is capitalised with
    `\MakeUppercase`. This is different from BibTeX 's `change.case$`,
    which does not touch the first letter of its argument.

    Note that with the `latex2e` code a pair of braces that starts with
    a control sequence will be treated as a single character for
    capitalisation purposes. This means that the entire argument of a
    command protected with a single pair of braces is capitalised.

-   With the `latex2e` code expandable commands are expanded before the
    case change, which means that the case change applies to the
    replacement text. Unexpandable commands are not touched.

    BibTeX does not interpret macros and therefore passes commands
    through unchanged (this does not necessarily apply to the
    *arguments* of those commands). The `expl3` implementation also does
    not expand commands and only applies case change to the arguments.

-   Text wrapped in one or more pairs of braces is protected from case
    change *unless* it starts with a control sequence. This is the same
    behaviour as with BibTeX . Note that the braces could either be
    explicit groups or argument delimiters.

-   Text in a single pair of braces that starts with a control sequence
    is not protected and will be subject to case changes. Note that this
    need not apply to braces that are argument delimiters, in fact the
    `latex2e` implementation of `\MakeSentenceCase` may in some cases
    produce an error or otherwise undesirable output if the argument of
    a command starts with a control sequence. BibTeX 's case change
    function does not differentiate between argument delimiters and
    brace groups and always subjects text at brace levelÂ&nbsp;1 to case
    change if it starts with a control sequence.

For most intents and purposes the following rules should give a sensible
result.

-   Protect all words whose case should not be changed by wrapping them
    in one pair of braces.

-   If words are already in the braced argument of a command such as
    `\mkbibquote` or `\emph`, they are automatically protected.

    -   To *undo* this protection wrap the command in braces again.

    -   It is not possible to selectively re-apply protection if it has
        been undone with an additional pair of braces. If a more
        fine-grained control is needed, work-arounds like splitting the
        argument could be tried.

-   While it is possible to protect words from case change at the
    beginning of a field with a pair of braces, it is not possible to
    undo the case protection that a command automatically implies by
    wrapping it in braces in that position. In that case work-arounds
    are necessary.

&amp;nbsp;

    {}
    title = {The Story of {HMS} \emph{Erebus}
             in {\emph{Really}} Strong Wind},

would be converted to sentence case by `\MakeSentenceCase` as

&gt; The story of HMS *Erebus* in *really* strong wind

If the `expl3` implementation of the case changing functions is
selected, the BibTeX case protection behaviour can be exchanged for a
slightly simpler version. When `bibtexcaseprotection` set to `false`,
braces no longer automatically imply case protection. Instead words can
be protected from case change with `\NoCaseChange`. The examples from
above would then read

    {}
    title = {An Introduction to \NoCaseChange{LaTeX}},
    title = {The Story of \NoCaseChange{HMS \emph{Erebus}}
             in \emph{Really} Strong Wind},

Generally, this option should allow for a saner case protection input,
because curly braces are no longer overloaded with different levels of
meaning, but it is a big departure from the standard case protection
input that has been with the LaTeX world for a long time.

Due to its complex implementation `\MakeSentenceCase` can not accept
arbitrary input, it only safely operates on raw text or field data. In
the standard styles the `title` and other `title`-like field formats do
not work together with `\MakeSentenceCase` because of their argument
structure, so the standard styles offer a dedicated `titlecase` field
format to apply this command. To enable sentence casing in standard
styles for languages that support it you would use:

    \DeclareFieldFormat{titlecase}{&lt;&lt;\MakeSentenceCase*{#1}&gt;&gt;}

Sentence casing can then be disabled by resetting that field format to

    \DeclareFieldFormat{titlecase}{&lt;&lt;#1&gt;&gt;}

Custom styles may follow a different approach, but style authors are
encouraged to apply the same general ideas to their styles.

[1] By default, converting to sentence case is enabled for the following
language identifiers: `american`, `british`, `canadian`, `english`,
`australian`, `newzealand` as well as the aliases `USenglish` and
`UKenglish`. Use `\DeclareCaseLangs` to extend or change this list.
]]
  },
  NewBibliographyString = {
    arguments = {{meta = "key"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\NewBibliographyString{key}
```

This command declares new localisation strings, i.e. it initializes a
new `key` to be used in the `definitions` of
`\DefineBibliographyStrings`. The `key` argument may also be a
comma-separated list of key names. The keys listed in ?? are defined by
default.
]]
  },
  Notecite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Notecite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

These commands print the `prenote` and `postnote` arguments but no
citation. This may be useful for authors who incorporate implicit
citations in their writing, only giving information not mentioned before
in the running text, but who still want to take advantage of the
automatic `postnote` formatting and citation tracking. This is a
generic, style-independent citation command. Special citation styles may
provide smarter facilities for the same purpose. The capitalized version
forces capitalization (note that this is only applicable if the note
starts with a command which is sensitive to `biblatex`'s punctuation
tracker).
]]
  },
  NumsCheckSetup = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\NumsCheckSetup{code}
```

Like `\NumCheckSetup` but only applies to `\ifnumerals` and `\ifpages`
from ?? and their derivative tests.
]]
  },
  OnManualCitation = {
    arguments = {{meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\OnManualCitation{code}
```

Specifies arbitrary `code` required for a partial reset of the citation
style. This hook will be executed every time the `\mancite` command from
?? is used. It is particularly useful in citation styles which replace
repeated citations by abbreviations like &amp;lt;ibidem&gt; or &amp;lt;op. cit.&amp;gt;
which may get ambiguous if automatically generated and manual citations
are mixed. The `\mancite` command also resets the internal &amp;lt;ibidem&gt;
and &amp;lt;idem&gt; trackers of this package. The reset will affect the
`\ifciteibid` and `\ifciteidem` tests discussed in ??.
]]
  },
  Parencite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Parencite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

These commands use a format similar to `\cite` but enclose the entire
citation in parentheses. The numeric and alphabetic styles use square
brackets instead. `\Parencite` is similar to `\parencite` but
capitalizes the name prefix of the first name in the citation if the
`useprefix` option is enabled, provided that there is a name prefix and
the citation style prints any name at all.
]]
  },
  Parencites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Parencites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\parencite` and `\Parencite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  Pnotecite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Pnotecite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

Similar to `\notecite` but the notes are printed in parentheses.
]]
  },
  Pvolcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {meta = "volume"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "pages", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Pvolcite[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

Similar to `\volcite` but based on `\parencite`.
]]
  },
  Pvolcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Pvolcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}|\\...|[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\pvolcite` and `\Pvolcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  RequireBibliographyStyle = {
    arguments = {{meta = "style"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\RequireBibliographyStyle{style}
```

This command is optional and intended for specialized bibliography
styles built on top of a more generic style. It loads the bibliography
style `style.bbx`.
]]
  },
  RequireCitationStyle = {
    arguments = {{meta = "style"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\RequireCitationStyle{style}
```

This command is optional and intended for specialized citation styles
built on top of a more generic style. It loads the citation style
`style.cbx`.
]]
  },
  ResetDatamodelConstraints = {
    details = [[
```latex
\ResetDatamodelConstraints
```

Clear all data model fields Constraints information.
]]
  },
  ResetDatamodelFields = {
    details = [[
```latex
\ResetDatamodelFields
```

Clear all data model field information.
]]
  },
  Rn = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\Rn{integer}
```

Similar to `\RN` but prints a lowercase Roman numeral. The formatting
applied to the numeral may be modified by redefining the macro
`\Rnfont`.
]]
  },
  Smartcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Smartcite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

Like `\parencite` in a footnote and like `\footcite` in the body.
]]
  },
  Smartcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Smartcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\smartcite` and `\Smartcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  Svolcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {meta = "volume"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "pages", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Svolcite[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

Similar to `\volcite` but based on `\smartcite`.
]]
  },
  Svolcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Svolcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}|\\...|[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\svolcite` and `\Svolcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  Textcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\textcite[prenote][postnote]{key}
\Textcite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

These citation commands are provided by all styles that come with this
package. They are intended for use in the flow of text, replacing the
subject of a sentence. They print the authors or editors followed by a
citation label which is enclosed in parentheses. Depending on the
citation style, the label may be a number, the year of publication, an
abridged version of the title, or something else. The numeric and
alphabetic styles use square brackets instead of parentheses. In the
verbose styles, the label is provided in a footnote. Trailing
punctuation is moved between the author or editor names and the footnote
mark. `\Textcite` is similar to `\textcite` but capitalizes the name
prefix of the first name in the citation if the `useprefix` option is
enabled, provided that there is a name prefix.
]]
  },
  Textcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Textcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\textcite` and `\Textcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  Tvolcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {meta = "volume"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "pages", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Tvolcite[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

Similar to `\volcite` but based on `\textcite`.
]]
  },
  Tvolcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Tvolcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}|\\...|[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\tvolcite` and `\Tvolcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  UndeclareBibstringSets = {
    details = [[
```latex
\UndeclareBibstringSets
```

Remove all existing bibliography string sets with
`\UndeclareBibstringSet`.
]]
  },
  UndeclareDelimcontextAlias = {
    arguments = {{meta = "alias"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\UndeclareDelimcontextAlias{alias}
```

Removes the delimiter context alias declared for `alias`.
]]
  },
  UndefineBibliographyExtras = {
    arguments = {{meta = "language"}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\UndefineBibliographyExtras{language}{code}
```

This command is used to restore the original definition of any commands
modified with `\DefineBibliographyExtras`. If a redefined command is
included in ??, there is no need to restore its previous definition
since these commands are adapted by all language modules anyway.
]]
  },
  UneclareBibstringSetFormat = {
    arguments = {{meta = "setname"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\UneclareBibstringSetFormat{setname}
```

Remove any bibliography string set format defined for `setname`.
]]
  },
  UseBibitemHook = {
    details = [[
```latex
\UseBibitemHook
```

Executes the internal hook corresponding to `\AtEveryBibitem`.
]]
  },
  UseEveryCiteHook = {
    details = [[
```latex
\UseEveryCiteHook
```

Executes the internal hook corresponding to `\AtEveryCite`.
]]
  },
  UseEveryMultiCiteHook = {
    details = [[
```latex
\UseEveryMultiCiteHook
```

Executes the internal hook corresponding to `\AtMultiEveryCite`.
]]
  },
  UseNextCitekeyHook = {
    details = [[
```latex
\UseNextCitekeyHook
```

Executes and clears the internal hook corresponding to `\AtNextCitekey`.
]]
  },
  UseVolciteHook = {
    details = [[
```latex
\UseVolciteHook
```

Executes the internal hook corresponding to `\AtVolcite`.
]]
  },
  Volcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {meta = "volume"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "pages", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\Volcite[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

These commands are similar to `\cite` and `\Cite` but intended for
references to multi-volume works which are cited by volume and page
number. Instead of the `postnote`, they take a mandatory `volume` and an
optional `pages` argument. Since they merely compose the postnote and
pass it to the `\cite` command provided by the citation style as a
`postnote` argument, these commands are style independent. The volume
and pages/text portion are formatted with the macro `\mkvolcitenote`
when they are passed on to the citation command. Additionally they are
made available in the special fields `volcitevolume` and `volcitevolume`
(??) The format of the volume portion is controlled by the field
formatting directive `volcitevolume`, the format of the pages/text
portion is controlled by the field formatting directive `volcitepages`
(??). The delimiter printed between the volume portion and the
pages/text portion may be modified by redefining the macro
`\volcitedelim` (??).
]]
  },
  Volcites = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\Volcites(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}|\\...|[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\volcite` and `\Volcite`, respectively.
]]
  },
  abbrvpenalty = {
    details = [[
```latex
\abbrvpenalty
```

This counter, which is used by the localisation modules, holds the
penalty used in short or abbreviated localisation strings. For example,
a linebreak in expressions such as Â«et al.Â» or Â«ed. byÂ» is unfortunate,
but should still be possible to prevent overfull boxes. This counter is
initialized to `\hyphenpenalty` at load-time. The idea is making TeX
treat the whole expression as if it were a single, hyphenatable word as
far as line-breaking is concerned. If you dislike such linebreaks, use a
higher value. If you do not mind them at all, set this counter to zero.
If you want to suppress them unconditionally, set it to &amp;lt;infinite&gt;
(10â€†000 or higher).[1]

[1] The default values assigned to `abbrvpenalty`, `lownamepenalty`, and
`highnamepenalty` are deliberately very low to prevent overfull boxes.
This implies that you will hardly notice any effect on line-breaking if
the text is set justified. If you set these counters to 10â€†000 to
suppress the respective breakpoints, you will notice their effect but
you may also be confronted with overfull boxes. Keep in mind that
line-breaking in the bibliography is often more difficult than in the
body text and that you can not resort to rephrasing a sentence. In some
cases it may be preferable to set the entire bibliography `\raggedright`
to prevent suboptimal linebreaks. In this case, even the fairly low
default penalties will make a visible difference.

```latex
\abbrvpenalty
```

The penalty used by `\addabbrvspace`, `\addabthinspace`, and
`\adddotspace`, see ?? for details. This counter is initialized to
`\hyphenpenalty` at load-time.
]]
  },
  addabthinspace = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addabthinspace
```

Similar to `\addabbrvspace` but using a thin space.
]]
  },
  addbibresource = {
    action = "input",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "resource"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\addbibresource[options]{resource}
```

Adds a `resource`, such as a `.bib` file, to the default resource list.
This command is only available in the preamble. It replaces the
`\bibliography` legacy command. Note that files must be specified with
their full name, including the extension. With `biber`, the resource
name can be a BSD-style glob pattern. This only makes sense when
resources refer to files with an absolute or relative path and does not
work when looking for data resources in `biber`s input/output
directories or with resources located by `kpsewhich` etc. When running
on Windows, `biber`will switch to a Windows compatible globbing mode
where backslashes are also useable as path separators and case does not
matter. If the resources contain duplicate entries (that is, duplicate
`entrykey`s), it is backend dependent what then happens. For example, by
default `biber`will ignore further occurrence of `entrykey`s unless its
`â€“noskipduplicates` options is used. Invoke `\addbibresource` multiple
times to add more resources, for example:

    \addbibresource{bibfile1.bib}
    \addbibresource{bibfile2.bib}
    \addbibresource[glob]{bibfiles/bibfile*.bib}
    \addbibresource[glob]{bibfile-num?.bib}
    \addbibresource[glob]{bibfile{1,2,3}.bib}
    \addbibresource[location=remote]{https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plk/biblatex/master/bibtex/bib/biblatex/biblatex-examples.bib}
    \addbibresource[location=remote,label=lan]{ftp://192.168.1.57/~user/file.bib}

Since the `resource` string is read in a verbatim-like mode, it may
contain arbitrary characters. The only restriction is that any curly
braces must be balanced. The following `options` are available:

`bibencoding=&lt;bibencoding&gt;`  
This option can be used to override the global `bibencoding` option for
a particular `resource`.

`label=&lt;identifier&gt;`  
Assigns a label to a resource. The `identifier` may be used in place of
the full resource name in the optional argument of `refsection` (see
??). The label is a *unique* identifier for the `resource`, so each
label should only be used once.

`location=&lt;location&gt;`  
The location of the resource. The `location` may be either `local` for
local resources or `remote` for URLs. Remote resources require `biber`.
The protocols HTTP/HTTPS and FTP are supported. The remote URL must be a
fully qualified path to a `bib` file or a URL which returns a `bib`
file.

`type=&lt;type&gt;`  
The type of resource. Currently, the only supported type is `file`.

`datatype=&lt;datatype&gt;`  
The data type (format) of the resource. The following formats are
currently supported:

bibtex  
BibTeX format.

biblatexml  
Experimental XML format for `biblatex`. See ??.

`glob`  
Whether `biber`should glob (expand according to pattern) the datasource
name. There is a global setting for this in `biber`(false by default and
settable to true using the `â€“glob-datasources` option). This option
allows overriding the `biber`default on a per-resource basis.
]],
    filename = "?"
  },
  adddot = {
    details = [[
```latex
\adddot
```

Adds a period unless it is preceded by any punctuation mark. The purpose
of this command is inserting the dot after an abbreviation. Any dot
inserted this way is recognized as such by the other punctuation
commands. This command may also be used to turn a previously inserted
literal period into an abbreviation dot.
]]
  },
  addhighpenspace = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addhighpenspace
```

Adds a space penalized by the value of the `highnamepenalty` counter,
see ?? for details.
]]
  },
  addhpthinspace = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addhpthinspace
```

Similar to `\addhighpenspace` but adds a breakable thin space.
]]
  },
  addnbspace = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addnbspace
```

Adds a non-breakable interword space.
]]
  },
  addnbthinspace = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addnbthinspace
```

Adds a non-breakable thin space. This is similar to `\,` and
`\thinspace`.
]]
  },
  addperiod = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addperiod
```

Adds a period unless it is preceded by an abbreviation dot or any other
punctuation mark. This command may also be used to turn a previously
inserted abbreviation dot into a period, for example at the end of a
sentence.
]]
  },
  addquestion = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addquestion
```

Adds a question mark unless it is preceded by any punctuation mark
except for an abbreviation dot.
]]
  },
  addsectionbib = {
    action = "input",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "resource"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\addsectionbib[options]{resource}
```

This command differs from `\addbibresource` in that the resource
`options` are registered but the `resource` not added to any resource
list. This is only required for resources which 1) are given exclusively
in the optional argument of `refsection` (??) and 2) require options
different from the default settings. In this case, `\addsectionbib` is
employed to qualify the `resource` prior to using it by setting the
appropriate `options` in the preamble. The `label` option may be useful
to assign a short name to the resource.
]],
    filename = "?"
  },
  addsemicolon = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addsemicolon
```

Adds a semicolon unless it is preceded by a comma, another semicolon, a
colon, or a period.
]]
  },
  addslash = {
    details = [[
```latex
\addslash
```

Adds a breakable slash. This command differs from the `\slash` command
in the LaTeX kernel in that a linebreak after the slash is not penalized
at all.
]]
  },
  andothersdelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\andothersdelim
```

The delimiter printed before the localisation string &amp;lt;`andothers`&amp;gt;
if a name list like `author` or `editor` is truncated. The default is an
interword space.

```latex
\andothersdelim
```

The delimiter to be printed before the localisation string
&amp;lt;`andothers`&amp;gt; if a name list like `author` or `editor` is
truncated. This command should be incorporated in all formatting
directives for name lists. The default is an interword space.
]]
  },
  antecedent = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "quantifier=quantspec",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "fields"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\antecedent[quantifier=quantspec]{fields}
```

For constraints of `type` &amp;lt;conditional&gt;, specifies a quantified set
of `\constraintfield`s which must be satisfied before the `\consequent`
of the constraint is checked. `quantspec` should have one of the
following values:

`quantifier={all, one, none}`  
Specifies how many of the `\constrainfield`'s inside the `\antecedent`
have to be present to satisfy the antecedent of the conditional
constraint.
]]
  },
  assignrefcontextcats = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "category1, category2, ..."}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\assignrefcontextkeyws[key=value, ... ]{keyword1,keyword2, ...}
\assignrefcontextkeyws*[key=value, ... ]{keyword1,keyword2, ...}
\assignrefcontextcats[key=value, ... ]{category1, category2, ...}
\assignrefcontextcats*[key=value, ... ]{category1, category2, ...}
\assignrefcontextentries[key=value, ... ]{entrykey1, entrykey2, ...}
\assignrefcontextentries*[key=value, ... ]{entrykey1, entrykey2, ...}
\assignrefcontextentries[key=value, ... ]{*}
\assignrefcontextentries*[key=value, ... ]{*}
```


]]
  },
  assignrefcontextentries = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "entrykey1, entrykey2, ..."}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/assignrefcontextcats/details"
  },
  assignrefcontextkeyws = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "keyword1,keyword2, ..."}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/assignrefcontextcats/details"
  },
  authortypedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\authortypedelim
```

The delimiter printed between the author and the `authortype`. The
default is a comma followed by a space.
]]
  },
  autocite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\autocite[prenote][postnote]{key}
\Autocite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

In contrast to other citation commands, the `\autocite` command does not
only scan ahead for punctuation marks following its last argument to
avoid double punctuation marks, it actually moves them around if
required. For example, with `autocite=footnote`, a trailing punctuation
mark will be moved such that the footnote mark is printed after the
punctuation. `\Autocite` is similar to `\autocite` but capitalizes the
name prefix of the first name in the citation if the `useprefix` option
is enabled, provided that there is a name prefix and the citation style
prints any name at all.
]]
  },
  begrelateddelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\begrelateddelim
```

The generic separator before the block of related entries. The default
definition is `\newunitpunct`.
]]
  },
  bibbycategory = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      }
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibbycategory[key=value, ... ]
```

This command loops over all bibliography categories. This is equivalent
to giving one `\printbibliography` command for every category but has
the additional benefit of automatically skipping empty categories. The
categories are processed in the order in which they were declared. See
?? for usage examples. The options are a subset of those supported by
`\printbibliography`. Valid options are `env`, `prenote`, `postnote`,
`section`. Note that `heading` is not available with this command. The
name of the current category is automatically used as the heading name.
This is equivalent to passing `heading=category` to `\printbibliography`
and implies that there must be a matching heading definition for every
category. The current bibliography context sorting template is used for
all categories (see ??).
]]
  },
  bibbysection = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      }
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibbysection[key=value, ... ]
```

This command automatically loops over all reference sections. This is
equivalent to giving one `\printbibliography` command for every section
but has the additional benefit of automatically skipping sections
without references. Note that `\bibbysection` starts looking for
references in section `1`. It will ignore references given outside of
`refsection` environments since they are assigned to sectionÂ&nbsp;0. See ??
for usage examples. The options are a subset of those supported by
`\printbibliography`. Valid options are `env`, `heading`, `prenote`,
`postnote`. The current bibliography context sorting template is used
for all sections (see ??).
]]
  },
  bibcpsstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibcpsstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\bibsstring` but the term is always capitalized.
]]
  },
  bibcpstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibcpstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\bibstring` but the term is always capitalized.
]]
  },
  bibdateeraprefix = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibdateeraprefix
```

The language specific marker which is printed as a prefix to beginning
BCE/BC dates in a date range when the option `dateera` is set to
&amp;lt;astronomical&gt;. Defaults to `\textminus`, if defined and
`\textendash` otherwise.
]]
  },
  bibdatesep = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibdatesep
```

The language specific separator used between date components in terse
date formats. Defaults to `\hyphen`.
]]
  },
  bibdatetimesep = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibdatetimesep
```

The language specific separator printed between date and time components
when printing time components along with date components (see the
`&lt;datetype&gt;dateusetime` option in ??). Defaults to a space for
non-ISO8601-2 output formats, and 'T' for ISO8601-2 output format.
]]
  },
  bibeidpunct = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibeidpunct
```

The separator printed before the `eid` field (similar to
`\bibpagespunct`). The default is a comma plus an interword space.
]]
  },
  bibellipsis = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibellipsis
```

An ellipsis symbol with brackets: &amp;lt;\[...\]&amp;gt;.
]]
  },
  bibfootnotewrapper = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\bibfootnotewrapper{text}
```

An inner wrapper which encloses the `text` argument of `\mkbibfootnote`
and `\mkbibfootnotetext`. For example, `\mkbibfootnote` eventually boils
down to this:

    \footnote{&lt;&lt;\bibfootnotewrapper{&gt;&gt;text&lt;&lt;}&gt;&gt;}

The wrapper ensures capitalization at the beginning of the note and adds
a period at the end. The default definition is:

    \newcommand{\bibfootnotewrapper}[1]{&lt;&lt;\bibsentence&gt;&gt; #1&lt;&lt;\addperiod&gt;&gt;}

If you don't want capitalization at the beginning or a period at the end
of the note, do not modify `\mkbibfootnote` but redefine
`\bibfootnotewrapper` instead.
]]
  },
  bibhang = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibhang
```

The hanging indentation of the bibliography, if applicable. This length
is initialized to `\parindent` at load-time. If `\parindent` is zero
length for some reason, `\bibhang` will default to `1em`.
]]
  },
  bibhyperref = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entrykey", optional = true},
      {meta = "text"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibhyperref[entrykey]{text}
```

Transforms `text` into an internal link pointing to `entrykey` in the
bibliography. If `entrykey` is omitted, this command uses the key of the
entry currently being processed. This command is employed to transform
citations into clickable links pointing to the corresponding entry in
the bibliography. The link target is marked automatically by `biblatex`.
If there are multiple bibliographies in a document, the target will be
the first occurence of `entrykey` in one of the bibliographies. If there
are `refsection` environments, the links are local to the environment.
See also the formatting directive `bibhyperref` in ??.
]]
  },
  bibhypertarget = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\bibhypertarget{name}{text}
```

A wrapper for `hyperref`'s `\hypertarget` command. The `name` is the
name of the anchor, the `text` is arbitrary printable text or code which
serves as an anchor. If there are any `refsection` environments in the
document, the `name` is local to the current environment. If the
`hyperref` package option is disabled or the `hyperref` package has not
been loaded, this command will simply pass on its `text` argument. See
also the formatting directive `bibhypertarget` in ??.
]]
  },
  bibindexinithyphendelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibindexinithyphendelim
```

Replaces `\bibinithyphendelim` in the index.
]]
  },
  bibindexinitperiod = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibindexinitperiod
```

Replaces `\bibinitperiod` in the index.
]]
  },
  bibindexnamedelimb = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibindexnamedelimb
```

Replaces `\bibnamedelimb` in the index.
]]
  },
  bibindexnamedelimd = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibindexnamedelimd
```

Replaces `\bibnamedelimd` in the index.
]]
  },
  bibinithyphendelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibinithyphendelim
```

The punctuation inserted automatically by the backend between the
initials of hyphenated name parts, replacing `\bibinitperiod` and
`\bibinitdelim`. The default definition is a period followed by an
unbreakable hyphen. Please refer to ?? for further details.
]]
  },
  bibinitperiod = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibinitperiod
```

The punctuation inserted automatically by the backend after all initials
unless `\bibinithyphendelim` applies. The default definition is a period
(`\adddot`). Please refer to ?? for further details.
]]
  },
  bibinitsep = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibinitsep
```

Vertical space to be inserted between two entries in the bibliography
whenever an entry starts with a letter which is different from the
initial letter of the previous entry. The default value is zero. Setting
this length to a positive value greater than `bibitemsep` will group the
bibliography alphabetically. Note that `bibitemsep`, `bibnamesep`, and
`bibinitsep` obey the rules for `\addvspace`, that is, when vertical
space introduced by any of these commands immediately follows on from
space introduced by another of them, the resulting total space is equal
to the largest of them.
]]
  },
  bibitemsep = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibitemsep
```

The vertical space between the individual entries in the bibliography.
This length is initialized to `\itemsep` at load-time. Note that
`bibitemsep`, `bibnamesep`, and `bibinitsep` obey the rules for
`\addvspace`, that is, when vertical space introduced by any of these
commands immediately follows on from space introduced by another of
them, the resulting total space is equal to the largest of them.

```latex
\bibitemsep
```

The vertical space between the individual entries in the bibliography.
Bibliography styles using `list` environments should set `itemsep` to
`bibitemsep` in the definition of the respective environment. This
length is initialized to `\itemsep` at load-time.
]]
  },
  biblcsstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\biblcsstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\bibsstring` but the whole term is lowercased.
]]
  },
  biblcstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\biblcstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\bibstring` but the whole term is lowercased.
]]
  },
  bibnamedash = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibnamedash
```

The dash to be used as a replacement for recurrent authors or editors in
the bibliography. The default is an &amp;lt;em&gt; or an &amp;lt;en&gt; dash,
depending on the indentation of the list of references.
]]
  },
  bibnamedelimb = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibnamedelimb
```

This delimiter controls the spacing between the elements which make up a
name part. It is inserted automatically by the backend between all name
elements where `\bibnamedelima` does not apply. The default definition
is `\addlowpenspace`, i.e. a space penalized by the value of the
`lownamepenalty` counter (??). Please refer to ?? for further details.
]]
  },
  bibnamedelimd = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibnamedelimd
```

This delimiter controls the spacing between name parts. The default name
formats use it between all name parts where `\bibnamedelimc` does not
apply. The default definition is `\addlowpenspace`, i.e. a space
penalized by the value of the `lownamepenalty` counter (??). Please
refer to ?? for further details.
]]
  },
  bibncplstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibncplstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\biblstring` but the term is never capitalized.
]]
  },
  bibopenparen = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibopenparen&lt;text&gt;\bibcloseparen
```

Alternative syntax for `\mkbibparens`. This will also work across
groups. Note that `\bibopenparen` and `\bibcloseparen` must always be
balanced.
]]
  },
  bibpagespunct = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibpagespunct
```

The separator printed before the `pages` field. The default is a comma
plus an interword space.

```latex
\bibpagespunct
```

The separator to be printed before the `pages` field. Use this separator
instead of `\newunitpunct` at this location. The default is a comma plus
an interword space.
]]
  },
  bibrangedash = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibrangedash
```

The language specific dash to be used for ranges of numbers. Defaults to
`\textendash`.
]]
  },
  bibsentence = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibsentence
```

This command marks the beginning of a sentence. A localisation string
immediately after this command will be capitalized and the punctuation
tracker is reset, i.e. this command hides all preceding punctuation
marks from the punctuation tracker and enforces capitalization.
]]
  },
  bibsetup = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibsetup
```

Arbitrary code to be executed at the beginning of the bibliography,
intended for commands which affect the layout of the bibliography.
]]
  },
  bibsstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibsstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\bibstring` but always prints the short string, ignoring the
`abbreviate` option.
]]
  },
  bibstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Prints the localisation string `key`, where `key` is an identifier in
lowercase letters (see ??). The string will be capitalized as required,
see ?? for details. Depending on the `abbreviate` package option from
??, `\bibstring` prints the short or the long version of the string. If
localisation strings are nested, i.e. if `\bibstring` is used in another
string, it will behave like `\bibxstring`. If the `wrapper` argument is
given, the string is passed to the `wrapper` for formatting. This is
intended for font commands such as `\emph`.
]]
  },
  bibtimesep = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibtimesep
```

The language specific marker which separates time components. Defaults
to a colon.

```latex
\bibtimesep
```

The language specific marker which separates time components. Default to
a colon.
]]
  },
  bibtimezonesep = {
    details = [[
```latex
\bibtimezonesep
```

The language specific marker which separates an optional time zone
component from a time. Empty by default.
]]
  },
  bibuclstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibuclstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\biblstring` but the whole term is uppercased.
]]
  },
  biburlbigbreakpenalty = {
    details = [[
```latex
\biburlbigbreakpenalty
```

The `biblatex` version of `url`'s `UrlBigBreakPenalty`. The default
value is `100`.
]]
  },
  biburlbigskip = {
    details = [[
```latex
\biburlbigskip
```

The `biblatex` version of `Urlmuskip`. This length holds the additional
(stretchable) space inserted around breakable characters in the `\url`
command from the `url` package. The default value is `0mu plus 3mu`.
]]
  },
  biburlbreakpenalty = {
    details = [[
```latex
\biburlbreakpenalty
```

The `biblatex` version of `url`'s `UrlBreakPenalty`. The default value
is `200`.
]]
  },
  biburlucpenalty = {
    details = [[
```latex
\biburlucpenalty
```

Similar to `biburlnumpenalty`, except that it will add a breakpoint
after all uppercase letters.
]]
  },
  biburlucskip = {
    details = [[
```latex
\biburlucskip
```

Similar to `biburlnumskip`, except that it will add space after all
uppercase letters.
]]
  },
  bibxlstring = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "wrapper", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\bibxlstring[wrapper]{key}
```

Similar to `\bibxstring` but always uses the long string, ignoring the
`abbreviate` option.
]]
  },
  cite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/Cite/details"
  },
  citeauthor = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/Citeauthor/details"
  },
  citecount = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\citecount
```

The `\citecount` element has a special meaning. It requests a sort based
on the number of times an item was cited. The standard `count` sorting
template uses this to provide a sort in descending order of number of
citations. Note that the option `citecounter` must also be enabled for
this to work. In addition, an additional `biber`run is required in order
to calculate the data for this option correctly and so the typical
invocation sequence for this option is
*latex*$\rightarrow$*biber*$\rightarrow$*latex*$\rightarrow$*latex*$\rightarrow$*biber*$\rightarrow$*latex*.

```latex
\citecount
```

This counter, which is only available in the `loopcode` of a citation
command defined with `\DeclareCiteCommand`, holds the number of the
entry key currently being processed by the `loopcode`.
]]
  },
  citecounter = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\citecounter
```

This counter indicates how many times the entry currently being
processed is cited in the current reference section. Note that this
feature needs to be enabled explicitly with the package option
`citecounter`. If the option is set to `context`, citations in the body
text and in footnotes are counted separately. In this case,
`citecounter` will hold the value of the context it is used in.
]]
  },
  citedate = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\citedate*[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

This command prints the full date (`date` or `year`). The starred
variant includes the `extradate` information, if any.
]]
  },
  citefield = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "format", optional = true},
      {meta = "field"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\citefield[prenote][postnote]{key}[format]{field}
```

The `format` is a formatting directive defined with
`\DeclareFieldFormat`. Formatting directives are discussed in ??. If
this optional argument is omitted, this command falls back to the format
`citefield`. The last argument is the name of a `field`, in the sense
explained in ??.
]]
  },
  citename = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "format", optional = true},
      {meta = "name list"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\citename[prenote][postnote]{key}[format]{name list}
```

The `format` is a formatting directive defined with
`\DeclareNameFormat`. Formatting directives are discussed in ??. If this
optional argument is omitted, this command falls back to the format
`citename`. The last argument is the name of a `name list`, in the sense
explained in ??.
]]
  },
  citereset = {
    details = [[
```latex
\citereset
```

This command resets the citation style. This may be useful if the style
replaces repeated citations with abbreviations like *ibidem*, *idem*,
*op. cit.*, etc. and you want to force a full citation at the beginning
of a new chapter, section, or some other location. The command executes
a style specific initialization hook defined with the
`\InitializeCitationStyle` command from ??. It also resets the internal
citation trackers of this package. The reset will affect the
`\ifciteseen`, `\ifentryseen`, `\ifciteibid`, and `\ifciteidem` tests
discussed in ??. When used inside a `refsection` environment, the reset
of the citation tracker is local to the current `refsection`
environment. Also see the `citereset` package option in ??.
]]
  },
  cites = {
    action = "cites",
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/Cites/details"
  },
  citesetup = {
    details = [[
```latex
\citesetup
```

Arbitrary code to be executed at the beginning of each citation command.
]]
  },
  citetitle = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\citetitle*[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

This command prints the title. It will use the abridged title in the
`shorttitle` field, if available. Otherwise it falls back to the full
title found in the `title` field. The starred variant always prints the
full title.
]]
  },
  citeyear = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\citeyear*[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

This command prints the year (`year` field or year component of `date`).
The starred variant includes the `extradate` information, if any.
]]
  },
  clearfield = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\clearfield{field}
```

Clears the `field` within a local scope. A field cleared this way is
treated as undefined by subsequent data commands.
]]
  },
  clearname = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name list"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\clearname{name list}
```

Clears the `name list` within a local scope. A list cleared this way is
treated as undefined by subsequent data commands.
]]
  },
  command = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "keys"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\command[prenote][postnote]{keys}&lt;punctuation&gt;
```

If the `autopunct` package option from ?? is enabled, they will scan
ahead for any `punctuation` immediately following their last argument.
This is useful to avoid spurious punctuation marks after citations. This
feature is configured with `\DeclareAutoPunctuation`, see ?? for
details.
]]
  },
  compcitedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\compcitedelim
```

Similar to `\multicitedelim`, but used by certain citation styles when
&amp;lt;compressing&gt; multiple citations. The default definition is a comma
plus an interword space.

```latex
\compcitedelim
```

Similar to `\multicitedelim`, but intended for citation styles that
&amp;lt;compress&gt; multiple citations, i.e. print the author only once if
subsequent citations share the same author etc. The default definition
is a comma plus an interword space.
]]
  },
  constraintfield = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\constraintfield{field}
```

For constraints of `type` &amp;lt;data&gt;, the constraint applies to this
`field`. For constraints of `type` &amp;lt;mandatory&gt;, the entry must
contain this `field`.

The data model declaration macros may be used multiple times as they
append to the previous definitions. In order to replace, change or
remove existing definitions (such as the default model which is loaded
with `biblatex`), you should reset (clear) the current definition and
then set what you want using the following macros. Typically, these
macros will be the first things in any `biblatex-dm.cfg` file:
]]
  },
  constraintfieldsor = {
    arguments = {{meta = "fields"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\constraintfieldsor{fields}
```

For constraints of `type` &amp;lt;mandatory&gt;, specifies that an entry must
contain a boolean OR of the `\constraintfield`s.
]]
  },
  csfield = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\csfield{field}
```

Similar to `\thefield`, but prevents expansion.
]]
  },
  currentfield = {
    details = [[
```latex
\currentfield
```

The name of the field currently being processed by `\printfield`. This
information is only available locally in field formatting directives.
]]
  },
  currentname = {
    details = [[
```latex
\currentname
```

The name of the name list currently being processed by `\printnames`.
This information is only available locally in name formatting
directives.
]]
  },
  datecircadelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\datecircadelim
```

When formatting dates with the global option `datecirca` enabled, the
delimiter printed after any localised &amp;lt;circa&gt; term. Defaults to
interword space.
]]
  },
  datecircaprint = {
    details = [[
```latex
\datecircaprint
```

Prints date circa information when the global option `datecirca` is
enabled and the `\ifdatecirca` test is true. By default, prints the
&amp;lt;circa&gt; localised term (??) and the `datecircadelim` delimiter.
]]
  },
  datecircaprintiso = {
    details = [[
```latex
\datecircaprintiso
```

Prints ISO8601-2 format date circa information when the global option
`datecirca` is enabled and the `\ifdatecirca` test is true. Prints
`\textasciitilde`.
]]
  },
  dateeradelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\dateeradelim
```

When formatting dates with the global option `dateera` set, the
delimiter printed before the localisation era term. Defaults to
interword space.
]]
  },
  dateeraprint = {
    arguments = {{meta = "yearfield"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\dateeraprint{yearfield}
```

Prints date era information when the global option `dateera` is set to
&amp;lt;secular&gt; or &amp;lt;christian&gt;. By default, prints the `dateeradelim`
delimiter and the appropriate localised era term (??). If the
`dateeraauto` option is set, then the passed `yearfield` (which is the
name of a year field such as &amp;lt;year&gt;, &amp;lt;origyear&gt;, &amp;lt;endeventyear&gt;
etc.) is tested to see if its value is earlier than the `dateeraauto`
threshold and if so, then the BCE/CE localisation will be output too.
The default setting for `dateeraauto` is 0 and so only BCE/BC
localisation strings are candidates for output. Detects whether the
start or end year era information is to be printed by looking at the
`yearfield` name passed to it.
]]
  },
  dateeraprintpre = {
    details = [[
```latex
\dateeraprintpre
```

Prints date era information when the global option `dateera` is set to
&amp;lt;astronomical&gt;. By default, prints `bibdataeraprefix`. Detects
whether the start or end year era information is to be printed by
looking at the `yearfield` name passed to it.
]]
  },
  dateuncertainprint = {
    details = [[
```latex
\dateuncertainprint
```

Prints date uncertainty information when the global option
`dateuncertain` is enabled and the `\ifdateuncertain` test is true. By
default, prints the language specific `\bibdateuncertain` string (??).
]]
  },
  defbibcheck = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\defbibcheck{name}{code}
```

Defines the custom bibliography filter `name`, to be used via the
`check` option of `\printbibliography`. `\defbibcheck` is similar in
concept to `\defbibfilter` but much more low-level. Rather than a
high-level expression, the `code` is LaTeX code, much like the code used
in driver definitions, which may perform arbitrary tests to decide
whether or not a given entry is to be printed. The bibliographic data of
the respective entry is available when the `code` is executed. Issuing
the command `\skipentry` in the `code` will cause the current entry to
be skipped. For example, the following filter will only output entries
with an `abstract` field:

    \defbibcheck{&lt;&lt;abstract&gt;&gt;}{%
      \iffieldundef{abstract}{&lt;&lt;\skipentry&gt;&gt;}{}}
    ...
    \printbibliography[&lt;&lt;check=abstract&gt;&gt;]

The following check will exclude all entries published before the year
2000:

    \defbibcheck{recent}{%
      \iffieldint{year}
        {\ifnumless{\thefield{year}}{2000}
           {\skipentry}
           {}}
        {\skipentry}}

See the author guide, in particular ??, for further details.
]]
  },
  defbibentryset = {
    arguments = {{meta = "key"}, {meta = "key1,key2,key3, ... "}},
    details = [[
```latex
\defbibentryset{key}{key1,key2,key3, ... }
```

The `key` is the entry key of the set, which is used like any other
entry key when referring to the set. The `key` must be unique and it
must not conflict with any other entry key. The second argument is a
comma-separated list of the entry keys which make up the set.
`\defbibentryset` implies the equivalent of a `\nocite` command, i.e.
all sets which are declared are also added to the bibliography. When
declaring the same set more than once, only the first invocation of
`\defbibentryset` will define the set. Subsequent definitions of the
same `key` are ignored and work like `\nocite``key`. Dynamic entry sets
defined in the document body are local to the enclosing `refsection`
environment, if any. Otherwise, they are assigned to reference
sectionÂ&nbsp;0. Those defined in the preamble are assigned to reference
sectionÂ&nbsp;0. See ?? for further details.
]]
  },
  defbibenvironment = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "begin code"},
      {meta = "end code"},
      {meta = "item code"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\defbibenvironment{name}{begin code}{end code}{item code}
```

This command defines bibliography environments. The `name` is an
identifier passed to the `env` option of `\printbibliography` and
`\printbiblist` when selecting the environment. The `begin code` is
LaTeX code to be executed at the beginning of the environment; the
`end code` is executed at the end of the environment; the `item code` is
code to be executed at the beginning of each entry in the bibliography
or a bibliography list. Here is an example of a definition based on the
standard LaTeX `list` environment:

    \defbibenvironment{bibliography}
      {\list{}
         {\setlength{\leftmargin}{\bibhang}%
          \setlength{\itemindent}{-\leftmargin}%
          \setlength{\itemsep}{\bibitemsep}%
          \setlength{\parsep}{\bibparsep}}}
      {\endlist}
      {\item}

As seen in the above example, usage of `\defbibenvironment` is roughly
similar to `\newenvironment` except that there is an additional
mandatory argument for the `item code`.
]]
  },
  defbibfilter = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "expression"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\defbibfilter{name}{expression}
```

Defines the custom bibliography filter `name`, to be used via the
`filter` option of `\printbibliography`. The `expression` is a complex
test based on the logical operators `and`, `or`, `not`, the group
separator `(...)`, and the following atomic tests:
]]
  },
  defbibnote = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}, {meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\defbibnote{name}{text}
```

Defines the bibliography note `name`, to be used via the `prenote` and
`postnote` options of `\printbibliography` and `\printbiblist`. The
`text` may be any arbitrary piece of text, possibly spanning several
paragraphs and containing font declarations. Also see ??.
]]
  },
  delimcontext = {
    arguments = {{meta = "context"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\delimcontext{context}
```

Set the delimiter context to `context`. This setting is not global so
that delimiter contexts can be nested using the usual LaTeX group
method.
]]
  },
  docsvfield = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\docsvfield{field}
```

Similar to the `\docsvlist` command from the `etoolbox` package, except
that it takes a field name as its argument. The value of this field is
parsed as a comma-separated list. If the `field` is undefined, this
command expands to an empty string.
]]
  },
  enddatecircaprint = {
    details = [[
```latex
\enddatecircaprint
```

Prints date circa information when the global option `datecirca` is
enabled and the `\ifenddatecirca` test is true. By default, prints the
&amp;lt;circa&gt; localised term (??) and the `datecircadelim` delimiter.
]]
  },
  enddatecircaprintiso = {
    details = [[
```latex
\enddatecircaprintiso
```

Prints ISO8601-2 format date circa information when the global option
`datecirca` is enabled and the `\ifenddatecirca` test is true. Prints
`\textasciitilde`.
]]
  },
  enddateuncertainprint = {
    details = [[
```latex
\enddateuncertainprint
```

Prints date uncertainty information when the global option
`dateuncertain` is enabled and the `\ifenddateuncertain` test is true.
By default, prints the language specific `\bibdateuncertain` string
(??).
]]
  },
  entrydata = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "key"}, {meta = "code"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\entrydata{key}{code}
\entrydata*{key}{code}
```

Data commands like `\printfield` normally use the data of the entry
currently being processed. You may use `\entrydata` to switch contexts
locally. The `key` is the entry key of the entry to use locally. The
`code` is arbitrary code to be executed in this context. This code will
be executed in a group. See ?? for an example. Note that this command
will automatically switch languages if the `autolang` package option is
enabled. The starred version `\entrydata*` will clone all fields of the
enclosing entry, using field, counter, and other resource names prefixed
with the string &amp;lt;`saved`&amp;gt;. This is useful when comparing two data
sets. For example, inside the `code` argument, the `author` field holds
the author of entry `key` and the author of the enclosing entry is
available as `savedauthor`. The `author` counter holds the number of
names in the `author` field of `key`; the `savedauthor` counter refers
to the author count of the enclosing entry.
]]
  },
  entrysetpunct = {
    details = [[
```latex
\entrysetpunct
```

The punctuation printed between bibliography subentries of an entry set.
The default definition is a semicolon and a space.
]]
  },
  extpostnotedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\extpostnotedelim
```

The delimiter printed between the citation and the parenthetical
`postnote` argument of a citation command when the postnote occurs
outside of the citation parentheses. In the standard styles, this occurs
when the citation uses the shorthand field of the entry. The default is
an interword space.
]]
  },
  field = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "field"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\field[options]{field}
```

If `field` is non-empty, use it as the current label `\labelelement`,
subject to the options below. Useful values for `field` are typically
the name list type fields, date fields, and title fields. You may also
use the 'citekey' or 'entrykey' pseudo-fields to specify the
citation/entry key as part of the label. Name list fields are treated
specially and when a name list field is specified, the template defined
with `\DeclareLabelalphaNameTemplate` is used to extract parts from the
name which then returns the string that the `\field` option uses.

`final`  
This option marks a `\field` directive as the final one in the
`specification`. If the `field` is non-empty, then this field is used
for the label and the remainder of the `specification` will be ignored.
The short form `final` is equivalent to `final=true`.

`lowercase`  
Forces the label part derived from the field to lowercase. By default,
the case is taken from the field source and not modified.

`strwidth`  
The number of characters of the `field` to use. This setting may be
overridden by an individual name part when extracting characters from a
name. See `\DeclareLabelalphaNameTemplate` below.

`strside={left, right}`  
The side of the string from which to take the `strwidth` number of
characters. This setting may be overridden by an individual name part
when extracting characters from a name. See
`\DeclareLabelalphaNameTemplate` below.

`padside={left, right}`  
Side to pad the label part when using the `padchar` option. Only for use
with fixed-width label strings (`strwidth`).

`padchar=&lt;character&gt;`  
If present, pads the label part on the `padside` side with the specified
character to the length of `strwidth`. Only for use with fixed-width
label strings (`strwidth`).

`uppercase`  
Forces the label part derived from the field to uppercase. By default,
the case is taken from the field source and not modified.

`varwidth`  
Use a variable width, left-side substring of characters from the string
returned for `field`. The length of the string is determined by the
minimum length needed to disambiguate the substring from all other
`field` elements in the same position in the label. For name list
fields, this means that each name substring is disambiguated from all
other name substrings which occur in the same position in the name list
(see examples below). This option overrides `strwidth` if both are used.
The short form `varwidth` is equivalent to `varwidth=true`. For name
list fields, the `\namepart`s with the `pre` option set are prepended to
the string returned from this disambiguation.

`varwidthnorm`  
As `varwidth` but will force the disambiguated substrings for the
`field` to be the same length as the longest disambiguated substring.
This can be used to regularise the format of the labels if desired. This
option overrides `strwidth` if both are used. The short form
`varwidthnorm` is equivalent to `varwidthnorm=true`.

`varwidthlist`  
Alternative method of automatic label disambiguation where the field as
a whole is disambiguated from all other fields in the same label
position. For non-name list fields, this is equivalent to `varwidth`.
For name list fields, names in a name list are not disambiguated from
other names in the same position in their name lists but instead the
entire name list is disambiguated as a whole from other name lists (see
examples below). This option overrides `strwidth` if both are used. The
short form `varwidthlist` is equivalent to `varwidthlist=true`. For name
list fields, the `\namepart`s with the `pre` option set are prepended to
the string returned from this disambiguation.

`strwidthmax`  
When using `varwidth`, this option sets a limit (in number of
characters) on the length of variable width substrings. This option can
be used to regularise the label.

`strfixedcount`  
When using `varwidthnorm`, there must be at least `strfixedcount`
disambiguated substrings with the same, maximal length to trigger the
forcing of all disambiguated substrings to this same maximal length.

`ifnames=&lt;range&gt;`  
Only use this `\field` specification if it is a name list field with a
number of names matching the `ifnames` range value. This allows a
`\labelelement` to be conditionalised on name length (see below). The
range can specified as in the following examples:

    ifnames=3     -&gt; Only apply to name lists containing exactly 3 names
    ifnames={2-4} -&gt; Only apply to name lists containing minimum 2 and maximum 4 names
    ifnames={-3}  -&gt; Only apply to name lists containing at most 3 names
    ifnames={2-}  -&gt; Only apply to name lists containing at least 2 names

`names=&lt;range&gt;`  
By default, for name list fields, the names used range from the first
name to the `maxalphanames`/`minalphanames` truncation. This option can
be used to override this with an explicit range of names to consider.
The plus &amp;lt;+&gt; sign is a special end of range marker denoting the
truncation point of max/minalphanames. The range separator can be any
number of characters with the Unicode Dash property. For example:

    names=3     -&gt; Use first 3 names in the name list
    names={2-3} -&gt; Use second and thirds names only
    names={-3}  -&gt; Same as 1-3
    names={2-}  -&gt; Use all names starting with the second name (ignoring max/minalphanames truncation)
    names={2-+} -&gt; Use all names starting with the second name (respecting max/minalphanames truncation)

`namessep=&lt;string&gt;`  
An arbitrary string separator to put between names in a namelist.

`noalphaothers`  
By default, `\labelalphaothers` is appended to label parts derived from
name lists if there are more names in the list than are shown in the
label part. This option can be used to disable the default behaviour.

```latex
\field[key=value, ... ]{field}
```

The `\field` element adds a `field` to the sorting specification. If the
`field` is undefined, the element is skipped. The `\field` command
supports the following optional arguments:

`padside={left, right}`  
Pads a field on the `left` or `right` side using `padchar` so that its
width is `padwidth`. If no padding option is set, no padding is done at
all. If any padding option is specified, then padding is performed and
the missing options are assigned built-in default values. If padding and
substring matching are both specified, the substring match is performed
first.

`padwidth`  
The target width in characters.

`padchar=&lt;character&gt;`  
The character to be used when padding the field.

`strside={left, right}`  
Performs a substring match on the `left` or `right` side of the field.
The number of characters to match is specified by the corresponding
`strwidth` option. If no substring option is set, no substring matching
is performed at all. If any substring option is specified, then
substring matching is performed and the missing options are assigned
built-in default values. If padding and substring matching are both
specified, the substring match is performed first.

`strwidth`  
The number of characters to match.
]]
  },
  fieldhascomputableequivalent = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\fieldhascomputableequivalent{field}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\hascomputableequivalent`, but uses the value of a `field`
rather than a literal string in the test. If the `field` is undefined,
it executes `false`.
]]
  },
  filteror = {
    arguments = {{meta = "type"}, {meta = "filters"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\filteror{type}{filters}
```

A wrapper around one or more `\filter` commands specifying that they
form a disjunctive set, i.e. any one of the `filters` must be satisfied.
]]
  },
  finalandsemicolon = {
    details = [[
```latex
\finalandsemicolon
```

Prints the semicolon to be inserted before the final &amp;lt;and&gt; in a list
of lists, if applicable in the respective language. Here is an example:

    Goossens, Mittelbach, and Samarin; Bertram and Wenworth&lt;&lt;;&gt;&gt; and Knuth

`\finalandsemicolon` is the semicolon before the word &amp;lt;and&gt;. See also
`\textcitedelim` in ??.

```latex
\finalandsemicolon
```

Prints the semicolon to be inserted before the final &amp;lt;and&gt; in an
enumeration, if applicable in the respective language.
]]
  },
  finallistdelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\finallistdelim
```

The delimiter printed instead of `\multilistdelim` before the final item
in a literal list. The default is the localised term &amp;lt;and&gt;, separated
by interword spaces. See `\finalnamedelim` for further explanation.

```latex
\finallistdelim
```

Use this command instead of `\multilistdelim` before the final item in a
literal list. The default is the localised term &amp;lt;and&gt;, separated by
interword spaces.
]]
  },
  finalnamedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\finalnamedelim
```

The delimiter printed instead of `\multinamedelim` before the final name
in a name list. The default is the localised term &amp;lt;and&gt;, separated by
interword spaces. Here is an example:

    Michel Goossens&lt;&lt;,&gt;&gt; Frank Mittelbach &lt;&lt;and&gt;&gt; Alexander Samarin
    Edward Jones &lt;&lt;and&gt;&gt; Joe Williams

The comma in the first example is the `\multinamedelim` whereas the
string &amp;lt;and&gt; in both examples is the `\finalnamedelim`. See also
`\finalandcomma` in ??.

```latex
\finalnamedelim
```

Use this command instead of `\multinamedelim` before the final name in a
name list. The default is the localised term &amp;lt;and&gt;, separated by
interword spaces.
]]
  },
  finentry = {
    details = [[
```latex
\finentry
```

Inserts `\finentrypunct`. This command should be used at the very end of
every bibliography entry.
]]
  },
  footcitetext = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\footcitetext[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

These command use a format similar to `\cite` but put the entire
citation in a footnote and add a period at the end. In the footnote,
they automatically capitalize the name prefix of the first name if the
`useprefix` option is enabled, provided that there is a name prefix and
the citation style prints any name at all. `\footcitetext` differs from
`\footcite` in that it uses `\footnotetext` instead of `\footnote`.
]]
  },
  footcitetexts = {
    action = "cite",
    details = [[
```latex
\footcitetexts(multiprenote)(multipostnote)[prenote][postnote]{key}|...|[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

The multicite version of `\footcite` and `\footcitetext`, respectively.
]]
  },
  footfullcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\footfullcite[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

Similar to `\fullcite` but puts the entire citation in a footnote and
adds a period at the end.
]]
  },
  forceY = {
    details = [[
```latex
\forceY
```

Similar to `\forceE` but enforces &amp;lt;y&gt;.
]]
  },
  forcezerosy = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\forcezerosy{integer}
```

This command adds zeros to a year (or any number supposed to be
4-digits). It is intended for date formatting and ordinals. The argument
is expanded with `\protected@edef` before it is processed.
]]
  },
  ftvolcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {meta = "volume"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "pages", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ftvolcite[prenote]{volume}[pages]{key}
```

Similar to `\volcite` but based on `\footcite` and `\footcitetext`,
respectively.
]]
  },
  getfieldannotation = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "field", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "annotationname",
        optional = true
      }
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\getfieldannotation[field][annotationname]
```

Retrieves any literal annotation for the field `field`. If
`annotationname` is not given, then the annotation named &amp;lt;default&gt; is
assumed (this is the name given to annotations defined without an
explicit name). If `field` is not given, the current data field as
indicated by `\currentfield`, `\currentlist` or `\currentname` (see ??)
is assumed. Of course, this is only possible if these commands are
defined, that is, inside formatting directives.
]]
  },
  getpartannotation = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "field", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "annotationname",
        optional = true
      },
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "item", optional = true},
      {meta = "part"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\getpartannotation[field][annotationname][item]{part}
```

Retrieves any literal annotation for the part `part`. If
`annotationname` is not given, then the annotation named &amp;lt;default&gt; is
assumed (this is the name given to annotations defined without an
explicit name). The two optional arguments `field` and `item` can be
inferred as in `\getitemannotation`. The parameter `part` can never be
inferred and is therefore a mandatory argument.

Date fields are special and handled in a context where `\currentfield`
is not accessible. Thus there is a fourth command to access literal
annotations for dates.
]]
  },
  hasfieldannotation = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "field", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "annotationname",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\hasfieldannotation[field][annotationname]{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the data field `field` has a literal annotation
`annotationname` defined and false otherwise. If `annotationname` is not
given, then the annotation named &amp;lt;default&gt; is assumed (this is the
name given to annotations defined without an explicit name). If `field`
is not given, the current data field as indicated by `\currentfield`,
`\currentlist` or `\currentname` (see ??) is assumed. Of course, this is
only possible if these commands are defined, that is, inside formatting
directives.
]]
  },
  haspartannotation = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "field", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "annotationname",
        optional = true
      },
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "item", optional = true},
      {meta = "part"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\haspartannotation[field][annotationname][item]{part}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the part named `part` in the item `item` in the data
field `field` has a literal annotation `annotationname` defined and
false otherwise. If `annotationname` is not given, then the annotation
named &amp;lt;default&gt; is assumed (this is the name given to annotations
defined without an explicit name). The two optional arguments `field`
and `item` can be inferred as in `\ifitemannotation`. The parameter
`part` can never be inferred and is therefore a mandatory argument.

Date fields are special and handled in a context where `\currentfield`
is not accessible. Thus there is a fourth command to test the existence
of annotations for dates.
]]
  },
  hyphenate = {
    details = [[
```latex
\hyphenate
```

A conditional hyphen. In contrast to the standard `\-` command, this one
allows hyphenation in the rest of the word. It is similar to the `"-`
shorthand provided by some language modules of the `babel`/`polyglossia`
packages.
]]
  },
  ifbibindex = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifbibindex{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` or `false` depending on the `indexing` option from ??.
]]
  },
  ifbibxstring = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifbibxstring{string}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\ifbibstring`, but the `string` is expanded.
]]
  },
  ifboolexpr = {
    arguments = {{meta = "expression"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifboolexpr{expression}{true}{false}
```

`etoolbox` command which allows for complex tests with boolean operators
and grouping:

    {}
    \ifboolexpr{ (
               test {\ifnameundef{editor}}
               and
               not test {\iflistundef{location}}
             )
             or test {\iffieldundef{year}}
      }
      {...}
      {...}
]]
  },
  ifcapital = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifcapital{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if `biblatex`'s punctuation tracker would capitalize a
localisation string at the current location, and `false` otherwise. This
command is robust. It may be useful for conditional capitalization of
certain parts of a name in a formatting directive.
]]
  },
  ifciteibid = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifciteibid{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the entry currently being processed is the same as
the last one, and to `false` otherwise. This command is intended for use
in citation styles. If there are any `refsection` environments in the
document, the tracking is local to these environments. Note that the
&amp;lt;ibidem&gt; tracker needs to be enabled explicitly with the package
option `ibidtracker`. The behavior of this test depends on the mode the
tracker is operating in, see ?? for details. If the tracker is disabled,
the test always yields `false`. Also see the `\citetrackertrue` and
`\citetrackerfalse` switches in ??.
]]
  },
  ifcurrentlist = {
    arguments = {{meta = "literal list"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifcurrentlist{literal list}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the current list is `literal list`, and `false`
otherwise. This command is robust. It is intended for use in list
formatting directives and always executes `false` when used in any other
context.
]]
  },
  ifdatehastime = {
    arguments = {{meta = "datetype"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifdatehastime{datetype}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the `datetype`date is defined, has a time component
and `&lt;datetype&gt;dateusetime` is true, and to false otherwise.
]]
  },
  ifdaterangesequal = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "datetype1"},
      {meta = "datetype2"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ifdaterangesequal{datetype1}{datetype2}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the two date ranges---that is the start and the end
date---`datetype1` and `datetype2` are the same.
]]
  },
  ifdateunknown = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifdateunknown{true}{false}
```

As `\if&lt;datetype&gt;dateunknown` but for use in `\mkbibdate*` formatting
commands (??) inside which the appropriate `\if&lt;datetype&gt;dateunknown`
command is aliased to this command.
]]
  },
  ifdateyearsequal = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "datetype1"},
      {meta = "datetype2"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ifdateyearsequal{datetype1}{datetype2}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the two dates `datetype1` and `datetype2` have the
same year and era. Since the sign of the date is saved in the era field,
years should be compared using this command to avoid confusion when the
two years have opposite signs
]]
  },
  ifenddateuncertain = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifenddateuncertain{true}{false}
```

As `\ifend&lt;datetype&gt;dateuncertain` but for use in `\mkbibdate*`
formatting commands (??) inside which the appropriate
`\ifend&lt;datetype&gt;dateuncertain` command is aliased to this command.
]]
  },
  ifentrycategory = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "entrykey"},
      {meta = "category"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ifentryseen{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentryinbib{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentrycategory{entrykey}{category}{true}{false}
\ifentrykeyword{entrykey}{keyword}{true}{false}
```



```latex
\ifentrycategory{entrykey}{category}{true}{false}
```

A variant of `\ifcategory` which takes an entry key as its first
argument. This is useful for testing an entry other than the one
currently processed. A user-facing version of this command is available
for use in documents see ??
]]
  },
  ifentryinbib = {
    arguments = {{meta = "entrykey"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifentryseen{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentryinbib{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentrycategory{entrykey}{category}{true}{false}
\ifentrykeyword{entrykey}{keyword}{true}{false}
```


]]
  },
  ifentrykeyword = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "entrykey"},
      {meta = "keyword"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ifentryseen{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentryinbib{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentrycategory{entrykey}{category}{true}{false}
\ifentrykeyword{entrykey}{keyword}{true}{false}
```



```latex
\ifentrykeyword{entrykey}{keyword}{true}{false}
```

A variant of `\ifkeyword` which takes an entry key as its first
argument. This is useful for testing an entry other than the one
currently processed. A user-facing version of this command is available
for use in documents see ??.
]]
  },
  ifentryseen = {
    arguments = {{meta = "entrykey"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifentryseen{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentryinbib{entrykey}{true}{false}
\ifentrycategory{entrykey}{category}{true}{false}
\ifentrykeyword{entrykey}{keyword}{true}{false}
```



```latex
\ifentryseen{entrykey}{true}{false}
```

A variant of `\ifciteseen` which takes an entry key as its first
argument. Since the `entrykey` is expanded prior to performing the test,
it is possible to test for entry keys in a field such as `xref`:

    \ifentryseen{&lt;&lt;\thefield{xref}&gt;&gt;}{true}{false}

Apart from the additional argument, `\ifentryseen` behaves like
`\ifciteseen`. A user-facing version of this command is available for
use in documents see ??.
]]
  },
  ifentrytype = {
    arguments = {{meta = "type"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifentrytype{type}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the entry type of the entry currently being processed
is `type`, and `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  iffieldannotation = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "field", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "annotationname",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "annotation"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldannotation[field][annotationname]{annotation}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the data field `field` has an annotation `annotation`
for the annotation called `annotationname` and false otherwise. If
`annotationname` is not given, then the annotation named &amp;lt;default&gt; is
assumed (this is the name given to annotations defined without an
explicit name). If `field` is not given, the current data field as
indicated by `\currentfield`, `\currentlist` or `\currentname` (see ??)
is assumed. Of course, this is only possible if these commands are
defined, that is, inside formatting directives.
]]
  },
  iffieldequalcs = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "field"},
      {meta = "csname"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldequalcs{field}{csname}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\iffieldequals` but takes the control sequence name `csname`
(without a leading backslash) as an argument, rather than a macro name.
]]
  },
  iffieldformatundef = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldformatundef[entry type]{name}{true}{false}
\iflistformatundef[entry type]{name}{true}{false}
\ifnameformatundef[entry type]{name}{true}{false}
\iflistwrapperformatundef[entry type]{name}{true}{false}
\ifnamewrapperformatundef[entry type]{name}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the formatting directive `format` is undefined, and
to `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  iffieldnum = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldnum{field}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\ifnumeral`, but uses the value of a `field` rather than a
literal string in the test. If the `field` is undefined, it executes
`false`.
]]
  },
  iffieldpages = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldpages{field}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\ifpages`, but uses the value of a `field` rather than a
literal string in the test. If the `field` is undefined, it executes
`false`.
]]
  },
  iffieldplusstringbibstring = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "field"},
      {meta = "string"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldplusstringbibstring{field}{string}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\iffieldbibstring`, but appends `string` to the value of
`field` and checks if the resulting string is a known localisation key.
Expands to `false` if `field` is undefined.
]]
  },
  iffieldsequal = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "field 1"},
      {meta = "field 2"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldsequal{field 1}{field 2}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the values of `field 1` and `field 2` are equal,
and to `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  iffieldxref = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\iffieldxref{field}{true}{false}
```

If the `crossref`/`xref` field of an entry is defined, this command
checks if the `field` is related to the cross-referenced parent entry.
It executes `true` if the `field` of the child entry is equal to the
corresponding `field` of the parent entry, and `false` otherwise. If the
`crossref`/`xref` field is undefined, it always executes `false`. This
command is robust. See the description of the `crossref` and `xref`
fields in ?? as well as ?? for further information concerning
cross-referencing.
]]
  },
  iffirstcitekey = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\iffirstcitekey{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the entry currently being processed is the first one
in the citation list, and `false` otherwise. This command relies on the
`citecount`, `citetotal`, `multicitecount` and `multicitetotal` counters
(??) and thus is intended for use only in the `loopcode` of a citation
command defined with `\DeclareCiteCommand`.
]]
  },
  iffirstonpage = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\iffirstonpage{true}{false}
```

The behavior of this command is responsive to the package option
`pagetracker`. If the option is set to `page`, it expands to `true` if
the current item is the first one on the page, and to `false` otherwise.
If the option is set to `spread`, it expands to `true` if the current
item is the first one on the double-page spread, and to `false`
otherwise. If the page tracker is disabled, this test always yields
`false`. Depending on the context, the &amp;lt;item&gt; may be a citation or an
entry in the bibliography or a bibliography list. Note that this test
distinguishes between body text and footnotes. For example, if used in
the first footnote on a page, it will expand to `true` even if there is
a citation in the body text prior to the footnote. Also see the
`\pagetrackertrue` and `\pagetrackerfalse` switches in ??.
]]
  },
  ifinteger = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifinteger{string}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the `string` is a positive integer, and `false`
otherwise. This command is robust.
]]
  },
  ifiscomputable = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifiscomputable{string}{true}{false}
```

Returns `true` if `\ifinteger` or `\hascomputableequivalent` retrurns
`true` on `string` and `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  ifkomabibtotoc = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    deprecated = true,
    details = [[
```latex
\ifkomabibtotoc{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the class would add the bibliography to the table
of contents, and to `false` otherwise. This test is deprecated.
]]
  },
  iflabelalphanametemplatename = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [=[
```latex
\iflabelalphanametemplatename{string}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the `string` is equal to the current in scope
alphabetic label name template name (see [\[aut:ctm:srt\]][1]), and to
`false` otherwise.

  [1]: #aut:ctm:srt
]=]
  },
  iflabeldateisdate = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\iflabeldateisdate{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if labeldate is defined and was obtained from date,
and to `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  iflistequals = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "literal list"},
      {meta = "macro"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\iflistequals{literal list}{macro}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the value of the `literal list` is equal to the
definition of `macro`, and to `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  iflistformatundef = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/iffieldformatundef/details"
  },
  iflistundef = {
    arguments = {{meta = "literal list"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\iflistundef{literal list}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the `literal list` is undefined, and to `false`
otherwise.
]]
  },
  iflistwrapperformatundef = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/iffieldformatundef/details"
  },
  ifmemoirbibintoc = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifmemoirbibintoc{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` or `false`, depending on `memoir`'s `\bibintoc` and
`\nobibintoc` switches. This is a LaTeX frontend to `memoir`'s
`\ifnobibintoc` test. Note that the logic of the test is reversed.
]]
  },
  ifmorenames = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifmorenames{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the current name list has been or will be
truncated, and to `false` otherwise. This command is intended for use in
formatting directives for name lists. It will always expand to `false`
when used elsewhere. This command performs the equivalent of an
`\ifandothers` test for the current list. If this test is negative, it
also checks if the `listtotal` counter is larger than `liststop`. This
command may be used in a formatting directive to decide if a note such
as Â«and othersÂ» or Â«et al.Â» is to be printed at the end of the list.
Note that you still need to check whether you are in the middle or at
the end of the list, i.e. whether `listcount` is smaller than or equal
to `liststop`, see ?? for details.
]]
  },
  ifnameequalcs = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "name list"},
      {meta = "csname"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ifnameequalcs{name list}{csname}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\ifnameequals` but takes the control sequence name `csname`
(without a leading backslash) as an argument, rather than a macro name.
]]
  },
  ifnameformatundef = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/iffieldformatundef/details"
  },
  ifnamesequal = {
    arguments = {
      {meta = "name list 1"},
      {meta = "name list 2"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ifnamesequal{name list 1}{name list 2}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the values of `name list 1` and `name list 2` are
equal, and to `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  ifnamewrapperformatundef = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/iffieldformatundef/details"
  },
  ifnamexref = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name list"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifnamexref{name list}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\iffieldxref` but checks if a `name list` is related to the
cross-referenced parent entry. See the description of the `crossref` and
`xref` fields in ?? as well as ?? for further information concerning
cross-referencing.
]]
  },
  ifnatbibmode = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifnatbibmode{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` or `false` depending on the `natbib` option from ??.
]]
  },
  ifnocite = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifnocite{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the entry was *only* included in the `.bbl` via
`\nocite`. That is, returns `false` if an entry was both `\nocite`'d and
`\cite`'d.
]]
  },
  ifnumeral = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifnumeral{string}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the `string` is an Arabic or Roman numeral, and
`false` otherwise. This command is robust. See also `\DeclareNumChars`
and `\NumCheckSetup` in ??.
]]
  },
  ifopcit = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifopcit{true}{false}
```

This command is similar to `\ifciteibid` except that it expands to
`true` if the entry currently being processed is the same as the last
one *by this author or editor*. Note that the &amp;lt;opcit&gt; tracker needs
to be enabled explicitly with the package option `opcittracker`. The
behavior of this test depends on the mode the tracker is operating in,
see ?? for details. If the tracker is disabled, the test always yields
`false`. Also see the `\citetrackertrue` and `\citetrackerfalse`
switches in ??.
]]
  },
  ifpages = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifpages{string}{true}{false}
```

Similar to `\ifnumerals`, but also considers `\DeclarePageCommands` and
`\PagesCheckSetup` from ??.
]]
  },
  ifpartannotation = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "field", optional = true},
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "annotationname",
        optional = true
      },
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "item", optional = true},
      {meta = "part"},
      {meta = "annotation"},
      {meta = "true"},
      {meta = "false"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\ifpartannotation[field][annotationname][item]{part}{annotation}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if the part named `part` in item `item` in the data
field `field` has an annotation `annotation` and false otherwise. If
`annotationname` is not given, then the annotation named &amp;lt;default&gt; is
assumed (this is the name given to annotations defined without an
explicit name). The two optional arguments `field` and `item` can be
inferred as in `\ifitemannotation`. The parameter `part` can never be
inferred and is therefore a mandatory argument.

Date fields are special and handled in a context where `\currentfield`
is not accessible. Thus there is a fourth command to test annotations
for dates.
]]
  },
  ifpunct = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifpunct{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if preceded by any punctuation mark except for an
abbreviation dot, and `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  ifpunctmark = {
    arguments = {{meta = "character"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifpunctmark{character}{true}{false}
```

Executes `true` if preceded by the punctuation mark `character`, and
`false` otherwise. The `character` may be a comma, a semicolon, a colon,
a period, an exclamation mark, a question mark, or an asterisk. Note
that a period denotes an end-of-sentence period. Use the asterisk to
test for the dot after an abbreviation. If this command is used in a
formatting directive for name lists, i.e. in the argument to
`\DeclareNameFormat`, the `character` may also be an apostrophe.
]]
  },
  ifsortingnamekeytemplatename = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}, {meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [=[
```latex
\ifsortingnamekeytemplatename{string}{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the `string` is equal to the current in scope
sorting name key template name (see [\[aut:ctm:srt\]][1]), and to
`false` otherwise.

  [1]: #aut:ctm:srt
]=]
  },
  ifuniquebaretitle = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifuniquebaretitle{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if `labelname` is empty and there is only one work
with the title `labeltitle` and to `false` otherwise. If `labeltitle` is
not set for an entry, this will always expand to `false`. Note that this
feature needs to be enabled explicitly with the package option
`uniquebaretitle`.
]]
  },
  ifuniqueprimaryauthor = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifuniqueprimaryauthor{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the primary (first) author name of `labelname` is
unique in the bibliography list and to `false` otherwise. This
effectively answers the question &amp;lt;is there more than one author with
the same base name&gt;. The base name parts are defined by
`\DeclareUniquenameTemplate` see ??. This is required by some styles
(e.g. APA) which mandates primary author disambiguation only and only if
there are (different) primary authors with the same family name. If
`labelname` is not set for an entry, this will always expand to `false`.
Note that this feature needs to be enabled explicitly with the package
option `uniqueprimaryauthor`.
]]
  },
  ifuseeditor = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifuseeditor{true}{false}
```

This is just a particular case of the `\ifuse&lt;name&gt;` macro below but is
mentioned here as `editor` is part of the default data model. Expands to
`true` if the `useeditor` option is enabled (either globally or for the
current entry), and `false` otherwise. See ?? for details on this
option.
]]
  },
  ifuseprefix = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifuseprefix{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the `useprefix` option is enabled (either globally
or for the current entry), and `false` otherwise. See ?? for details on
this option.
]]
  },
  ifvolcite = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifvolcite{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` when located in `\volcite` or a related citation
command (??), and to `false` otherwise.
]]
  },
  ifxrefsource = {
    arguments = {{meta = "true"}, {meta = "false"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\ifxrefsource{true}{false}
```

Expands to `true` if the entry was inclued in the `.bbl` due to being
referenced more than `minxrefs` times and false otherwise. See ??. Also
expands to false if the entry was directly cited.
]]
  },
  indexlist = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "format", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "start--stop", optional = true},
      {meta = "literal list"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\indexlist[format][start--stop]{literal list}
```

This command is similar to `\printlist` except that the items in the
list are not printed but added to the index using the formatting
directive `format`, as defined with `\DeclareIndexListFormat`. If a
type-specific `format` has been declared, the type-specific formatting
directive takes precedence over the generic one. If the `literal list`
is undefined, this command does nothing. If the `format` is omitted,
`\indexlist` tries using the name of the list as a format name. In this
case, any type-specific formatting directive will also take precedence
over the generic one. If all of these formats are undefined, it falls
back to `default` as a last resort.
]]
  },
  instcount = {
    details = [[
```latex
\instcount
```

This counter is incremented by `biblatex`for every citation as well as
for every entry in the bibliography and bibliography lists. The value of
this counter uniquely identifies a single instance of a reference in the
document.
]]
  },
  labelalphawidth = {
    details = [[
```latex
\labelalphawidth
```

This length register indicates the width of the widest `labelalpha`.
Alphabetic bibliography styles should incorporate this length in the
definition of the bibliography environment.
]]
  },
  letbibmacro = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "alias"},
      {meta = "name"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\letbibmacro*{alias}{name}
```

This command defines the macro `alias` to be an alias of the macro
`name`. The definition is perfomed by `\csletcs`. An error is issued if
`name` is undefined. The regular variant of this command sanitizes
`name` while the starred variant does not.
]]
  },
  listcount = {
    details = [[
```latex
\listcount
```

This counter holds the number of the list item currently being
processed. It is intended for use in list formatting directives and does
not hold a meaningful value when used anywhere else.
]]
  },
  liststop = {
    details = [[
```latex
\liststop
```

This counter holds the `stop` argument passed to `\printnames` or
`\printlist`. It is intended for use in list formatting directives and
does not hold a meaningful value when used anywhere else.
]]
  },
  literal = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\literal{string}
```

A literal string to insert into the name sorting key.
]]
  },
  lownamepenalty = {
    details = [[
```latex
\lownamepenalty
```

Similar to `highnamepenalty`. Please refer to ?? for explanation. The
counter is initialized to half the `\hyphenpenalty` at load-time. Use a
higher value if you dislike the respective linebreaks. If you do not
mind them at all, set this counter to zero.

```latex
\lownamepenalty
```

The penalty used by `\addlowpenspace` and `\addlpthinspace`, see ?? for
details. The counter is initialized to half the `\hyphenpenalty` at
load-time.
]]
  },
  mainlang = {
    deprecated = true,
    details = [[
```latex
\mainlang
```

Switches from the current language to the main document language. This
command is deprecated. Use the text-macro `\textmainlang` instead. With
`babel` this command will need to be wrapped into *two* groups to have
purely local effect.
]]
  },
  mancite = {
    details = [[
```latex
\mancite
```

Use this command to mark manually inserted citations if you mix
automatically generated and manual citations. This is particularly
useful if the citation style replaces repeated citations by an
abbreviation like *ibidem* which may get ambiguous or misleading
otherwise. Always use `\mancite` in the same context as the manual
citation, e.g. if the citation is given in a footnote, include
`\mancite` in the footnote. The `\mancite` command executes a style
specific reset hook defined with the `\OnManualCitation` command from
??. It also resets the internal &amp;lt;ibidem&gt; and &amp;lt;idem&gt; trackers of
this package. The reset will affect the `\ifciteibid` and `\ifciteidem`
tests discussed in ??.
]]
  },
  map = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true},
      {meta = "restrictions,steps"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\map[options]{restrictions,steps}
```

A container for an ordered set of map `\step`s, optionally restricted to
particular entrytypes or data sources. This is a grouping element to
allow a set of mapping steps to apply only to specific entrytypes or
data sources. Mapping steps must always be contained within a `\map`
element. The `options` are:

`overwrite`  
As the same option on the parent `\maps` element. This option allows an
override on a per-map group basis. If this option is not specified, the
default is the parent `\maps` element option value. The short form
`overwrite` is equivalent to `overwrite=true`.

`foreach=&lt;loopval&gt;`  
Loop over all `\step`s in this `\map`, setting the special variable
`$MAPLOOP` to each of the comma-separated values contained in `loopval`.
`loopval` can either be the name of a datafield set defined with
`\DeclareDatafieldSet` (see ??), a datasource field which is fetched and
parsed as a comma-separated values list or an explicit comma-separated
values list. `loopval` is determined in this order. This allows the user
to repeat a group of `\step`s for each value `loopval`. Using regexp
maps, it is possible to create a CSV field for use with this
functionality. The special variable `$MAPUNIQ` may also be used in the
`\step`s to generate a random unique string. This can be useful when
creating keys for new entries. An example:

    [style=latex]
    \DeclareSourcemap{
      \maps[datatype=bibtex]{
        \map[overwrite, foreach={author,editor, translator}]{
          \step[fieldsource=\regexp{$MAPLOOP}, match={Smith}, replace={Jones}]
        }
      }
    }

`refsection`  
Only apply the contained `\step` commands to entries in the reference
section with number `refsection`.
]]
  },
  maxextradate = {
    details = [[
```latex
\maxextradate
```

This counter holds the highest number found in any `extradate` field.
]]
  },
  maxextratitle = {
    details = [[
```latex
\maxextratitle
```

This counter holds the highest number found in any `extratitle` field.
]]
  },
  maxitems = {
    details = [[
```latex
\maxitems
```

This counter holds the setting of the `maxitems` package option.
]]
  },
  maxnames = {
    details = [[
```latex
\maxnames
```

This counter holds the setting of the `maxnames` package option.
]]
  },
  midsentence = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}},
    details = [[
```latex
\midsentence*
```

The starred variant of `\midsentence` differs from the regular one in
that a preceding abbreviation dot is not hidden from the punctuation
tracker, i.e. any code after `\midsentence*` will see a preceding
abbreviation dot. All other punctuation marks are hidden from the
punctuation tracker and capitalization is suppressed.
]]
  },
  mkbibacro = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibacro{text}
```

Generic command which typesets an acronym using the small caps variant
of the current font, if available, and as-is otherwise. The acronym
should be given in uppercase letters.
]]
  },
  mkbibbold = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibbold{text}
```

Similar in concept to `\mkbibemph` but prints bold text. This is a
simple wrapper around the standard `\textbf` command which incorporates
`\setpunctfont`. If the `punctfont` package option is disabled, this
command behaves like `\textbf`.
]]
  },
  mkbibcompletename = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibcompletename{text}
```

The initial value of all default formatting hooks
`\mkbibcompletename&lt;formatorder&gt;`.
]]
  },
  ["mkbibcompletename&lt;formatorder&gt;"] = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibcompletename&lt;formatorder&gt;{text}
```

Formatting hook for the complete name in format order &amp;lt;formatorder&gt;.
The default styles use the name format orders &amp;lt;family&gt;,
&amp;lt;family-given&gt; and &amp;lt;given-family&gt;, therefore the following macros
are automatically defined:

    \mkbibcompletenamefamily
    \mkbibcompletenamefamilygiven
    \mkbibcompletenamegivenfamily

These formatting hooks should enclose the complete name in the
bibliography macro `\name:&lt;formatorder&gt;`. Initially all hooks expand to
`\mkbibcompletename`.
]]
  },
  mkbibcompletenamefamilygiven = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibcompletenamefamilygiven{text}
```

This command, which takes one argument, is used to format the complete
name in `family-given` format order.
]]
  },
  mkbibdatelong = {
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibdatelong
```

Takes the names of three field as arguments which correspond to three
date components (in the order year/month/day) and uses their values to
print the date in the language specific long date format.
]]
  },
  mkbibemph = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibemph{text}
```

A generic command which prints its argument as emphasized text. This is
a simple wrapper around the standard `\emph` command. Apart from that,
it uses `\setpunctfont` from ?? to adapt the font of the next
punctuation mark following the text set in italics. If the `punctfont`
package option is disabled, this command behaves like `\emph`.
]]
  },
  mkbibendnote = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibendnote{text}
```

Similar in concept to `\mkbibfootnote` except that it prints its
argument as an endnote. `\mkbibendnote` removes spurious whitespace
preceding the endnote mark and prevents nested notes. It supports the
`\endnote` command provided by the `endnotes` package as well as the
`\pagenote` command provided by the `pagenote` package and the `memoir`
class. If both commands are available, `\endnote` takes precedence. If
no endnote support is available, `\mkbibendnote` issues an error and
falls back to `\footnote`. By default, `\mkbibendnote` requests
capitalization at the beginning of the note and automatically adds a
period at the end. You may change this behavior by redefining the
`\bibendnotewrapper` macro introduced below.
]]
  },
  mkbibfootnote = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibfootnote{text}
```

A generic command which prints its argument as a footnote. This is a
wrapper around the standard LaTeX `\footnote` command which removes
spurious whitespace preceding the footnote mark and prevents nested
footnotes. By default, `\mkbibfootnote` requests capitalization at the
beginning of the note and automatically adds a period at the end. You
may change this behavior by redefining the `\bibfootnotewrapper` macro
introduced below.
]]
  },
  mkbibmascord = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibmascord{integer}
```

Similar to `\mkbibordinal`, but prints a masculine ordinal, if
applicable in the respective language.
]]
  },
  ["mkbibname&lt;namepart&gt;"] = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibname&lt;namepart&gt;{text}
```

This command, which takes one argument, is used to format the name part
&amp;lt;namepart&gt; of name list fields. The default datamodel defines the
name parts &amp;lt;family&gt;, &amp;lt;given&gt;, &amp;lt;prefix&gt; and &amp;lt;suffix&gt; and
therefore the following macros are automatically defined:

    \mkbibnamefamily
    \mkbibnamegiven
    \mkbibnameprefix
    \mkbibnamesuffix

For backwards compatibility with the legacy BibTeX name parts, the
following are also defined, will generate warnings and will set the
correct macro:

    \mkbibnamelast
    \mkbibnamefirst
    \mkbibnameaffix
]]
  },
  mkbibneutord = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibneutord{integer}
```

Similar to `\mkbibordinal`, but prints a neuter ordinal, if applicable
in the respective language.
]]
  },
  mkbibordseries = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibordseries{integer}
```

Similar to `\mkbibordinal`, but intended for use with the term
&amp;lt;series&gt;.
]]
  },
  mkbibparens = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibparens{text}
```

A generic command which wraps its argument in parentheses. This command
is nestable. When nested, it will alternate between parentheses and
brackets, depending on the nesting level.
]]
  },
  mkbibsuperscript = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibsuperscript{text}
```

A generic command which prints its argument as superscripted text. This
is a simple wrapper around the standard LaTeX `\textsuperscript` command
which removes spurious whitespace and allows hyphenation of the
preceding word.
]]
  },
  mkbibtimezone = {
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibtimezone
```

Modifies a timezone string passed in as the only argument. By default
this changes &amp;lt;Z&gt; to the value of `\bibtimezone`.
]]
  },
  mkbibyeardivision = {
    arguments = {{meta = "string"}},
    deprecated = true,
    details = [[
```latex
\mkbibyeardivision{string}
```

This command takes a year division localisation string and prints the
version of the string corresponding to the setting of the `dateabbrev`
package option. Even though the output of this command is language
specific, its definition is not, hence it is normally not redefined in
localisation modules.
]]
  },
  mkcomprange = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postpro", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "itempostpro", optional = true},
      {meta = "text"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\mkcomprange*[postpro][itempostpro]{text}
```

This command, which is intended for use in field formatting directives,
will parse its `text` argument for page ranges and compress them. For
example, Â«125--129Â» may be formatted as Â«125--9Â». You may configure the
behavior of `\mkcomprange` by adjusting the LaTeX counters
`mincomprange`, `maxcomprange`, and `mincompwidth`, as illustrated in
??. The default settings are `10`, `100000`, and `1`, respectively. This
means that the command tries to compress as much as possible by default.
Use `\setcounter` to adjust the parameters. The scanner recognises
`\bibrangedash` and hyphens as range dashes. It will normalize the dash
by replacing any number of consecutive hyphens with `\bibrangedash`.
Lists of ranges delimited with `\bibrangessep` are also supported. The
scanner will normalise any comma or semicolons surrounded by optional
space by replacing them with `\bibrangessep`. If you want to hide a
character from the list/range scanner for some reason, wrap the
character or the entire string in curly braces. The optional `postpro`
argument specifies a macro to be used for post-processing the `text`.
This is important if you want to combine `\mkcomprange` with other
formatting macros which also need to parse their `text` argument, such
as `\mkpageprefix`. Simply nesting these commands will not work as
expected. Use the `postpro` argument to set up the processing chain as
follows:

    \DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{\mkcomprange[&lt;&lt;{&gt;&gt;\mkpageprefix[pagination]&lt;&lt;}&gt;&gt;]{#1}}

Note that `\mkcomprange` is executed first, using `\mkpageprefix` as
post-processor. Also note that the `postpro` argument is wrapped in an
additional pair of braces. This is only required in this particular case
to prevent LaTeX 's optional argument scanner from getting confused by
the nested brackets. The starred version of this command differs from
the regular one in the way the `postpro` argument is applied to a list
of values. For example:

    \mkcomprange[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}
    \mkcomprange*[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}

will output:

    pp. 5, 123-9, 423-39
    p. 5, pp. 123-9, pp. 423-39

The second optional argument `itempostpro` is used to post-process each
individual number item in the formatted list. It can be used to convert
numbers from cardinals to ordinals. If only one optional argument is
present, it is treated as `postpro`.
]]
  },
  mkdayzeros = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkdayzeros{integer}
```

This command strips leading zeros from a day or enforces them, depending
on the `datezeros` package option (??). It is intended for use in the
definition of date formatting macros. If zeros are enforced, this
command calls `\forcezerosmdt` and thus expands its argument with
`\protected@edef`.
]]
  },
  mkfirstpage = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postpro", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "itempostpro", optional = true},
      {meta = "text"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\mkfirstpage*[postpro][itempostpro]{text}
```

This command, which is intended for use in field formatting directives,
will parse its `text` argument for page ranges and print the start page
of the range only. The scanner recognizes `\bibrangedash` and hyphens as
range dashes. Lists of ranges delimited with `\bibrangessep` are also
supported. If you want to hide a character from the list/range scanner
for some reason, wrap the character or the entire string in curly
braces. The optional `postpro` argument specifies a macro to be used for
post-processing the `text`. See `\mkcomprange` on how to use this
argument. The starred version of this command differs from the regular
one in the way the `postpro` argument is applied to a list of values.
The second optional argument `itempostpro` is used to post-process each
individual number item in the formatted list. It can be used to convert
numbers from cardinals to ordinals. If only one optional argument is
present, it is treated as `postpro`. For example:

    \mkfirstpage[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}
    \mkfirstpage*[\mkpageprefix]{5, 123-129, 423-439}

will output:

    pp. 5, 123, 423
    p. 5, p. 123, p. 423
]]
  },
  mknormrange = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postpro", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "itempostpro", optional = true},
      {meta = "text"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\mknormrange*[postpro][itempostpro]{text}
```

This command, which is intended for use in field formatting directives,
will parse its `text` argument for page ranges and will normalise them.
The command is similar to `\mkcomprange` except that the page ranges
will not be compressed. The scanner recognises `\bibrangedash` and
hyphens as range dashes. It will normalize the dash by replacing any
number of consecutive hyphens with `\bibrangedash`. Lists of ranges
delimited with `\bibrangessep` are also supported. The scanner will
normalise any comma or semicolons surrounded by optional space by
replacing them with `\bibrangessep`. If you want to hide a character
from the list/range scanner for some reason, wrap the character or the
entire string in curly braces. The optional `postpro` argument specifies
a macro to be used for post-processing the `text`. See `\mkcomprange` on
how to use this argument. The starred version of this command differs
from the regular one in the way the `postpro` argument is applied to a
list of values. The second optional argument `itempostpro` is used to
post-process each individual number item in the formatted list. It can
be used to convert numbers from cardinals to ordinals. If only one
optional argument is present, it is treated as `postpro`.
]]
  },
  mkpagetotal = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "pagination", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postpro", optional = true},
      {meta = "text"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\mkpagetotal[pagination][postpro]{text}
```

This command is similar to `\mkpageprefix` except that it is intended
for the `pagetotal` field of bibliography entries, i.e. it will print
Â«123 pagesÂ» rather than Â«page 123Â». The optional `pagination` argument
defaults to `bookpagination`. The spacing inserted between the
pagination suffix and the `text` may be modified by redefining the macro
`\ppspace`. The optional `postpro` argument specifies a macro to be used
for post-processing the `text`. If only one optional argument is given,
it is taken as `pagination`. Here is a typical example:

    \DeclareFieldFormat{pagetotal}{&lt;&lt;\mkpagetotal[bookpagination]{#1}&gt;&gt;}

The optional argument `bookpagination` is omissible in this case. The
pagination strings are taken from `&lt;pagination&gt;total` and
`&lt;pagination&gt;totals`.

@&gt;X@p0.25@p0.25@p0.25@ &amp;  
(r)1-1 &amp; &amp; &amp;  
(r)2-2(r)3-3 11--15 &amp; 11--5 &amp; 11--15 &amp; 11--15  
111--115 &amp; 111--5 &amp; 111--5 &amp; 111--115  
1111--1115 &amp; 1111--5 &amp; 1111--5 &amp; 1111--5  
&amp; &amp; &amp;  
(r)2-2(r)3-3 1111--1115 &amp; 1111--5 &amp; 1111--5 &amp; 1111--5  
1111--1155 &amp; 1111--55 &amp; 1111--55 &amp; 1111--1155  
1111--1555 &amp; 1111--555 &amp; 1111--1555 &amp; 1111--1555  
&amp; &amp; &amp;  
(r)2-2(r)3-3 1111--1115 &amp; 1111--5 &amp; 1111--15 &amp; 1111--115  
1111--1155 &amp; 1111--55 &amp; 1111--55 &amp; 1111--155  
1111--1555 &amp; 1111--555 &amp; 1111--555 &amp; 1111--555  
]]
  },
  mkvolcitenote = {
    arguments = {{meta = "volume"}, {meta = "pages"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkvolcitenote{volume}{pages}
```

This macro formats the `volume` and `pages` arguments of `\volcite` and
related commands (??) when they are passed on to the underlying citation
command.
]]
  },
  mkyearzeros = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\mkyearzeros{integer}
```

This command strips leading zeros from a year or enforces them,
depending on the `datezeros` package option (??). It is intended for use
in the definition of date formatting macros. If zeros are enforced, this
command calls `\forcezerosy` and thus expands its argument with
`\protected@edef`.
]]
  },
  multicitecount = {
    details = [[
```latex
\multicitecount
```

This counter is similar to `citecount` but only available in multicite
commands. It holds the number of the citation currently being processed.
Note that this citation may consist of more than one entry key. This
information is provided by the `citetotal` and `citecount` counters.
]]
  },
  multicitedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\multicitedelim
```

The delimiter printed between citations if multiple entry keys are
passed to a single citation command. The default is a semicolon plus an
interword space.

```latex
\multicitedelim
```

The delimiter printed between citations if multiple entry keys are
passed to a single citation command. This command should be incorporated
in the definition of all citation commands, for example in the `sepcode`
argument passed to `\DeclareCiteCommand`. See ?? for details. The
default is a semicolon plus an interword space.
]]
  },
  multicitesubentrydelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\multicitesubentrydelim
```

The delimiter printed between subentry citations of the same set. This
delimiter is only used in citation styles that reduce citations of the
same set to a more compact form (`subentry` of `numeric-comp`). The
default is a comma.
]]
  },
  multipostnotedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\multipostnotedelim
```

The delimiter to be printed before the `multipostnote` argument of a
citation command.
]]
  },
  multiprenotedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\multiprenotedelim
```

The delimiter printed after the `multiprenote` argument of a citation
command. See ?? for details. The default is `\prenotedelim`.
]]
  },
  namelabeldelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\namelabeldelim
```

The delimiter printed between the name/title and the label by alphabetic
and numeric citation styles. The default definition is an interword
space.

```latex
\namelabeldelim
```

The delimiter printed between the name/title and the label. This command
should be incorporated in the definition of all citation commands of
alphabetic and numeric citation styles. The default definition is an
interword space.
]]
  },
  nametitledelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\nametitledelim
```

The delimiter printed between the author/editor and the title by
author-title and some verbose citation styles and in the bibliography.
In author-year bibliography styles this delimiter is placed after the
author/editor and year and before the title. The default definition
inside bibliographies is the now deprecated `\labelnamepunct` and is a
comma plus an interword space otherwise.

```latex
\nametitledelim
```

The delimiter to be printed between the author/editor and the title.
This command should be incorporated in the definition of all citation
commands of author-title and some verbose citation styles and in the
bibliography drivers---in author-year bibliographies `\nametitledelim`
may be printed between the author/editor-year block and the title. The
default definition inside bibliographies is the now deprecated
`\labelnamepunct` (for backwrds compatibility reasons) and is a comma
plus an interword space otherwise.
]]
  },
  nbhyphen = {
    details = [[
```latex
\nbhyphen
```

An explicit, non-breakable hyphen intended for compound words. In
contrast to a literal &amp;lt;`-`&amp;gt;, this command does not permit line
breaks at the hyphen but still allows hyphenation in the rest of the
word. It is similar to the `"~` shorthand provided by some language
modules of the `babel`/`polyglossia` packages.
]]
  },
  newbibmacro = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "arguments", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "optional", optional = true},
      {meta = "definition"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\newbibmacro{name}[arguments][optional]{definition}
\newbibmacro*{name}[arguments][optional]{definition}
```

Defines a macro to be executed via `\usebibmacro` later. The syntax of
this command is very similar to `\newcommand` except that `name` may
contain characters such as numbers and punctuation marks and does not
start with a backslash. The optional argument `arguments` is an integer
specifying the number of arguments taken by the macro. If `optional` is
given, it specifies a default value for the first argument of the macro,
which automatically becomes an optional argument. In contrast to
`\newcommand`, `\newbibmacro` issues a warning message if the macro is
already defined, and automatically falls back to `\renewbibmacro`. As
with `\newcommand`, the regular variant of this command uses the `\long`
prefix in the definition while the starred one does not. If a macro has
been declared to be long, it may take arguments containing `\par`
tokens. `\newbibmacro` and `\renewbibmacro` are provided for
convenience. Style authors are free to use `\newcommand` or `\def`
instead. However, note that most shared definitions found in
`biblatex.def` are defined with `\newbibmacro`, hence they must be used
and modified accordingly.
]]
  },
  newblock = {
    details = [[
```latex
\newblock
```

Records the end of a block. This command does not print anything, it
merely marks the end of the block. The block delimiter `\newblockpunct`
will be inserted by a subsequent `\printtext`, `\printfield`,
`\printlist`, `\printnames`, or `\bibstring` command. You may use
`\newblock` at suitable places without having to worry about spurious
blocks. A new block will only be started by the next `\printfield` (or
similar) command if this command prints anything. See ?? for further
details.
]]
  },
  newrefcontext = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "name"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\newrefcontext[key=value, ... ]{name}
```

This command is similar to the `refcontext` environment except that it
is a stand-alone command rather than an environment. It automatically
ends any previous reference context section begun with `\newrefcontext`
(if any) and immediately starts a new one. Note that the context section
started by the last `\newrefcontext` command in the document will extend
to the very end of the document. Use `\endrefcontext` if you want to
terminate it earlier.
]]
  },
  newunitpunct = {
    details = [[
```latex
\newunitpunct
```

The separator inserted between &amp;lt;units&gt; in the sense explained in ??.
This will usually be a period or a comma plus an interword space. The
default definition is a period and a space.
]]
  },
  nocite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {{meta = "key"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\nocite{key}
\nocite{*}
```

This command is similar to the standard LaTeX `\nocite` command. It adds
the `key` to the bibliography without printing a citation. If the `key`
is an asterisk, all entries available in the in-scope bibliography
datasource(s) are added to the bibliography. Like all other citation
commands, `\nocite` commands in the document body are local to the
enclosing `refsection` environment, if any. In contrast to standard
LaTeX , `\nocite` may also be used in the document preamble. In this
case, the references are assigned to reference sectionÂ&nbsp;0. For the
purposes of ordering citations by appearance `\nocite` will behave like
all other cite commands, with the added rule that a `\nocite` issued in
the preamble is treated as coming before all explicit citations in
reference sectionÂ&nbsp;0 from the document body.
]]
  },
  noinherit = {
    arguments = {{meta = "source"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\noinherit{source}
```

Unconditionally prevents inheritance of the `source` field.
]]
  },
  nopunct = {
    details = [[
```latex
\nopunct
```

Adds an internal marker which will cause the next punctuation command to
print nothing.
]]
  },
  parencite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\parencite*[prenote][postnote]{key}
```

This command is provided by all author-year and author-title styles. It
is similar to the regular `\parencite` command but merely prints the
year or the title, respectively.
]]
  },
  parenlevel = {
    details = [[
```latex
\parenlevel
```

The current nesting level of parentheses and/or brackets. This
information is only available if the `parentracker` from ?? is enabled.
]]
  },
  parentext = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\parentext{text}
```

This command wraps the `text` in context sensitive parentheses.
]]
  },
  pertype = {
    arguments = {{meta = "entrytype"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\pertype{entrytype}
```

Restricts all `\step`s in this `\map` element to entries of the named
`entrytype`. Multiple `\pertype` restrictions are allowed within a
`\map` element.
]]
  },
  pnfmt = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\pnfmt{text}
```

This command formats its argument `text` in the same format as
`postnote`. The command can be used to format a page range while adding
additional text in the postnote argument of a cite command.

    \autocite[\pnfmt{378-381, 383} and more]{sigfridsson}
]]
  },
  postnotedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\postnotedelim
```

The delimiter printed before the `postnote` argument of a citation
command. See ?? for details. The default is a comma plus an interword
space.
]]
  },
  ppno = {
    details = [[
```latex
\ppno
```

Similar to `\pno` but forces a range prefix. See ?? for further details
and usage instructions. Note that this command is only available locally
in citations and the bibliography.
]]
  },
  prenotedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\prenotedelim
```

The delimiter to be printed after the `prenote` argument of a citation
command. The default is an interword space.
]]
  },
  printbibliography = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      }
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\printbibliography[key=value, ... ]
```

This command prints the bibliography. It takes one optional argument,
which is a list of options given in `key=value`notation. The following
options are available:
]]
  },
  printbiblist = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "key=value, ... ",
        optional = true
      },
      {meta = "biblistname"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\printbiblist[key=value, ... ]{biblistname}
```

This command prints a bibliography list. It takes an optional argument,
which is a list of options given in `key=value`notation. Valid options
are all options supported by `\printbibliography` (??) except
`resetnumbers` and `omitnumbers`. Additionaly, the two options `driver`
and `biblistfilter` are available. If there are any `refsection`
environments in the document, the bibliography list will be local to
these environments; see ?? for details. By default, this command uses
the heading `biblist`. See ?? for details.

The `biblistname` is a mandatory argument which names the bibliography
list. This name is used to identify:

-   The default bibliography driver used to print the list entries

-   A default bibliography list filter declared with
    `\DeclareBiblistFilter` (see ??) used to filter the entries returned
    from `biber`

-   A default check declared with `\defbibcheck` (see ??) used to
    post-process the list entries

-   The default bib environment to use

-   The default sorting template to use

The two additional options can be used to change some of the defaults
set by the mandatory argument.

`driver=&lt;driver&gt;`  
Change the bibliography driver used to print the list entries.

`biblistfilter=&lt;biblistfilter&gt;`  
Change the bibliography list filter used to filter the entries.
`biblistfilter` must be a valid bibliography list filter defined with
`\DeclareBiblistFilter` (see ??).

In terms of sorting the list, the default is to sort using the sorting
template named after the bibliography list (if it exists) and only then
to fall back to the current context sorting template if this is not
defined (see ??).

The most common bibliography list is a list of shorthand abbreviations
for certain entries and so this has a convenience alias
`\printshorthands[â€¦]` for backwards compatibility which is defined as:

    \printbiblist[...]{shorthand}

`biblatex`provides automatic support for data source fields in the
default data model marked as &amp;lt;Label fields&gt; (See ??). Such fields
automatically have defined for them:

-   A default bib environment (See ??)

-   A bibliography list filter (See ??)

-   Some supporting formats and lengths (See ?? and ??)

Therefore only a minimal setup is required to print bibliography lists
with such fields. For example, to print a list of journal title
abbreviations, you can minimally put this in your preamble:

    \DeclareBibliographyDriver{shortjournal}{%
      \printfield{journaltitle}}

Then you can put this in your document where you want to print the list:

    \printbiblist[title={Journal Shorthands}]{shortjournal}

Since `shortjournal` is defined in the default data model as a &amp;lt;Label
field&gt;, this example:

-   Uses the automatically created &amp;lt;shortjournal&gt; bib environment

-   Uses the automatically created &amp;lt;shortjournal&gt; bibliography list
    filter to return only entries with a `shortjournal` field in the
    `.bbl`

-   Uses the defined &amp;lt;shortjournal&gt; bibliography driver to print the
    entries

-   Uses the default &amp;lt;biblist&gt; heading but overrides the title with
    &amp;lt;Journal Shorthands&gt;

-   Uses the current bibliography context sorting template if no
    template exists with the name `shortjournal`

Often, you will want to sort on the label field of the list and since a
sorting template is automatically picked up if it is named after the
list, in this case you could simply do:

    \DeclareSortingTemplate{shortjournal}{
      \sort{
            \field{shortjournal}
      }
    }

Naturally all defaults can be overridden by options to `\printbiblist`
and definitions of the environments, filters etc. and in this way
arbitrary types of bibliography lists can be printed containing a
variety of information from the bibliography data.
]]
  },
  printdate = {
    details = [[
```latex
\printdate
```

This command prints the date of the entry, as specified in the fields
`date` or `month`/`year`. The date format is controlled by the package
option `date` from ??. Additional formatting (fonts etc.) may be applied
by adjusting the field format `date` (??). Note that this command
interfaces with the punctuation tracker. There is no need to wrap it in
a `\printtext` command.
]]
  },
  printlabeldate = {
    details = [[
```latex
\printlabeldate
```

Similar to `\printdate` but prints the date field determined by
`\DeclareLabeldate`. The date format is controlled by the package option
`labeldate` from ??. Additional formatting may be applied by adjusting
the field format `labeldate` (??).
]]
  },
  printlist = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "format", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "start--stop", optional = true},
      {meta = "literal list"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\printlist[format][start--stop]{literal list}
```

This command loops over all items in a `literal list`, starting at item
number `start` and stopping at item number `stop`, including `start` and
`stop` (all lists are numbered starting atÂ&nbsp;1). Each item is printed
using the formatting directive `format`, as defined with
`\DeclareListFormat`. If a type-specific `format` has been declared, the
type-specific formatting directive takes precedence over the generic
one. If the `literal list` is undefined, nothing is printed. If the
`format` is omitted, `\printlist` tries using the name of the list as a
format name. In this case, any type-specific formatting directive will
also take precedence over the generic one. If all of these formats are
undefined, it falls back to `default` as a last resort. The `start`
argument defaults to 1; `stop` defaults to the total number of items in
the list. If the total number is greater than `maxitems`, `stop`
defaults to `minitems` (see ??). See `\printnames` for further details.
Note that `\printlist` provides the name of the literal list currently
being processed in `\currentlist` for use in list formatting directives.
]]
  },
  printtext = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "format", optional = true},
      {meta = "text"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\printtext[format]{text}
```

This command prints `text`, which may be printable text or arbitrary
code generating printable text. It clears the punctuation buffer before
inserting `text` and informs `biblatex`that printable text has been
inserted. This ensures that all preceding and following `\newblock` and
`\newunit` commands have the desired effect. `\printfield` and
`\printnames` as well as `\bibstring` and its companion commands (see
??) do that automatically. Using this command is required if a
bibliography styles inserts literal text (including the commands from
??) to ensure that block and unit punctuation works as advertised in ??.
The optional `format` argument specifies a field formatting directive to
be used to format `text`. This may also be useful when several fields
are to be printed as one chunk, for example, by enclosing the entire
chunk in parentheses or quotation marks. If a type-specific `format` has
been declared, the type-specific formatting directive takes precedence
over the generic one. If the `format` is omitted, the `text` is printed
as is. See also ?? for some practical hints.
]]
  },
  printunit = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "punctuation"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\printunit*{punctuation}
```

The `\printunit` command is similar to `\setunit` except that
`punctuation` persists in the buffer. This ensures that `punctuation` is
inserted before the next non-empty field printed by the `\printtext`,
`\printfield`, `\printlist`, `\printnames`, or `\bibstring`
commands---regardless of any intermediate calls to `\newunit` or
`\setunit`.
]]
  },
  providebibmacro = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "arguments", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "optional", optional = true},
      {meta = "definition"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\providebibmacro*{name}[arguments][optional]{definition}
```

Similar to `\newbibmacro` but only defines `name` if it is undefined.
This command is similar in concept to `\providecommand`.
]]
  },
  psq = {
    details = [[
```latex
\psq
```

In the `postnote` argument to a citation command, this command indicates
a range of two pages where only the starting page is given. See ?? for
further details and usage instructions. The suffix printed is the
localisation string `sequens`, see ??. The spacing inserted between the
suffix and the page number may be modified by redefining the macro
`\sqspace`. The default is an unbreakable interword space. Note that
this command is only available locally in citations and the
bibliography.
]]
  },
  refsection = {
    details = [[
```latex
\refsection
```

This counter indicates the current `refsection` environment. When
queried in a bibliography heading, the counter returns the value of the
`refsection` option passed to `\printbibliography`.
]]
  },
  regexp = {
    arguments = {{meta = "PCRE"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\regexp{PCRE}
```

This command can be used with any command accepting a regular expression
key to protect a regular expression from being interpreted by TeXÂ&nbsp;so
that it is passed through to `biber`correctly. Regular expressions often
contain sequences of characters that are also valid TeXÂ&nbsp;commands but
which should not be interpreted as such. The argument is a normal PCRE
(Perl Compatible Regular Expression&lt;https://perldoc.perl.org/perlre&gt;).
Perl escape sequences like `\t` for a tab, `\n` for a newline, `\A` for
the start of a string or `\d` for a digit can be used, without
TeXÂ&nbsp;trying to execute them as commands, as can be special characters
like `^`, `_` or `{..}` and `#`. Only the % must be protected: to match
a single % in the bib, use \\% in the regular expression, a \\% is
matched by \\\\%.
]]
  },
  relateddelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\relateddelim
```

The generic separator between the data of multiple related entries. The
default definition is an optional dot plus linebreak. Here is an example
where volumes A-E are related entries of the 5 volume main work:

    Donald E. Knuth. Computers &amp; Typesetting. 5 vols. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1984-1986.
    Vol. A: The TEXbook. 1984.
    Vol. B: TEX: The Program. 1986.
    Vol. C: The METAFONTbook. By. 1986.
    Vol. D: METAFONT: The Program. 1986.
    Vol. E: Computer Modern Typefaces. 1986.
]]
  },
  relatedpunct = {
    details = [[
```latex
\relatedpunct
```

The separator between the `relatedtype` bibliography localisation string
and the data from the first related entry.
]]
  },
  renewbibmacro = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "name"},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "arguments", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "optional", optional = true},
      {meta = "definition"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\renewbibmacro*{name}[arguments][optional]{definition}
```

Similar to `\newbibmacro` but redefines `name`. In contrast to
`\renewcommand`, `\renewbibmacro` issues a warning message if the macro
is undefined, and automatically falls back to `\newbibmacro`.
]]
  },
  resetpunctfont = {
    details = [[
```latex
\resetpunctfont
```

This command resets the unit punctuation font defined with
`\setpunctfont` before it takes effect. If the `punctfont` package
option is disabled, this command does nothing.
]]
  },
  restorebibmacro = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\restorebibmacro{name}
```

These commands save and restore the macro `name`, where `name` is the
identifier of a macro defined with `\newbibmacro`. Both commands work
within a local scope. They are mainly provided for use in localisation
files.
]]
  },
  restorecommand = {
    arguments = {{meta = "command"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\restorecommand{command}
```

These commands save and restore any `command`, which must be a command
name starting with a backslash. Both commands work within a local scope.
They are mainly provided for use in localisation files.
]]
  },
  restorefieldformat = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\restorefieldformat[entry type]{format}
```

These commands save and restore the formatting directive `format`, as
defined with `\DeclareFieldFormat`. Both commands work within a local
scope. They are mainly provided for use in localisation files.
]]
  },
  restorelist = {
    arguments = {{meta = "literal list"}, {meta = "macro"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\restorelist{literal list}{macro}
```

Restores a `literal list` from a `macro` defined with `\savelist`
before. The list is restored within a local scope.
]]
  },
  restorelistformat = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\restorelistformat[entry type]{format}
```

These commands save and restore the formatting directive `format`, as
defined with `\DeclareListFormat`. Both commands work within a local
scope. They are mainly provided for use in localisation files.
]]
  },
  restorelistwrapperformat = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\restorelistwrapperformat[entry type]{format}
```

These commands save and restore the formatting directive `format`, as
defined with `\DeclareListWrapperFormat`. Both commands work within a
local scope. They are mainly provided for use in localisation files.
]]
  },
  restorenameformat = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\restorenameformat[entry type]{format}
```

These commands save and restore the formatting directive `format`, as
defined with `\DeclareNameFormat`. Both commands work within a local
scope. They are mainly provided for use in localisation files.
]]
  },
  restorenamewrapperformat = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "entry type", optional = true},
      {meta = "format"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\restorenamewrapperformat[entry type]{format}
```

These commands save and restore the formatting directive `format`, as
defined with `\DeclareNameWrapperFormat`. Both commands work within a
local scope. They are mainly provided for use in localisation files.
]]
  },
  savefield = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "field"},
      {meta = "macro"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\savefield*{field}{macro}
```

Copies an unformatted `field` to a `macro`. The regular variant of this
command defines the `macro` globally, the starred one works locally.
]]
  },
  savefieldcs = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "field"},
      {meta = "csname"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\savefieldcs*{field}{csname}
```

Similar to `\savefield`, but takes the control sequence name `csname`
(without a leading backslash) as an argument, rather than a macro name.
]]
  },
  savelist = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "literal list"},
      {meta = "macro"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\savelist*{literal list}{macro}
```

Copies an unformatted `literal list` to a `macro`. The regular variant
of this command defines the `macro` globally, the starred one works
locally.
]]
  },
  savelistcs = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "literal list"},
      {meta = "csname"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\savelistcs*{literal list}{csname}
```

Similar to `\savelist`, but takes the control sequence name `csname`
(without a leading backslash) as an argument, rather than a macro name.
]]
  },
  savename = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "name list"},
      {meta = "macro"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\savename*{name list}{macro}
```

Copies an unformatted `name list` to a `macro`. The regular variant of
this command defines the `macro` globally, the starred one works
locally.
]]
  },
  savenamecs = {
    arguments = {
      {literal = "*", optional = true},
      {meta = "name list"},
      {meta = "csname"}
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\savenamecs*{name list}{csname}
```

Similar to `\savename`, but takes the control sequence name `csname`
(without a leading backslash) as an argument, rather than a macro name.
]]
  },
  setunit = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "punctuation"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\setunit*{punctuation}
```

The `\setunit` command is similar to `\newunit` except that it uses
`punctuation` instead of `\newunitpunct`. The starred variant differs
from the regular version in that it checks if the last `\printtext`,
`\printfield`, `\printlist`, `\printnames`, or `\bibstring` command did
actually print anything. If not, it does nothing.
]]
  },
  smartand = {
    details = [[
```latex
\smartand
```

This counter controls the behavior of the internal &amp;lt;smart and&gt;
command. When set to 1, it prints &amp;lt;y&gt; or &amp;lt;e&gt;, depending on the
context. When set to 2, it always prints &amp;lt;y&gt;. When set to 3, it
always prints &amp;lt;e&gt;. When set to 0, the &amp;lt;smart and&gt; feature is
disabled. This counter is initialized to 1 at load-time and may be
changed in the preamble. Note that setting this counter to a positive
value implies that the Spanish localisation module ignores
`\finalnamedelim` and `\finallistdelim`.
]]
  },
  sortalphaothers = {
    details = [[
```latex
\sortalphaothers
```

Similar to `\labelalphaothers` but used in the sorting process. Setting
it to a different value is advisable if the latter contains formatting
commands, for example:

    \renewcommand*{\labelalphaothers}{\textbf{+}}
    \renewcommand*{\sortalphaothers}{+}

If `\sortalphaothers` is not redefined, it defaults to
`\labelalphaothers`.

```latex
\sortalphaothers
```

Similar to `\labelalphaothers` but used in the sorting process. Setting
it to a different value is advisable if the latter contains formatting
commands. If `\sortalphaothers` is not redefined, it defaults to
`\labelalphaothers`.
]]
  },
  stdpunctuation = {
    details = [[
```latex
\stdpunctuation
```

Undoes the settings applied by `\uspunctuation`, restoring standard
punctuation. As standard punctuation is the default setting, you only
need this command to override a previously executed `\uspunctuation`
command. See ?? for details.
]]
  },
  step = {
    arguments = {{delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "options", optional = true}},
    details = [[
```latex
\step[options]
```

A mapping step. Each step is applied sequentially to every relevant
entry where &amp;lt;relevant&gt; means those entries which correspond to the
data source type, entrytype and data source name restrictions mentioned
above. Each step is applied to the entry as it appears after the
application of all previous steps. The mapping performed by the step is
determined by the following `option`s:

`typesource=&lt;entrytype&gt;`  

`typetarget=&lt;entrytype&gt;`  

`fieldsource=&lt;entryfield&gt;`  

`notfield=&lt;entryfield&gt;`  

`fieldtarget=&lt;entryfield&gt;`  

`match=&lt;regexp&gt;`  

`matchi=&lt;regexp&gt;`  

`notmatch=&lt;regexp&gt;`  

`notmatchi=&lt;regexp&gt;`  

`matches=&lt;regexp&gt;`  

`matchesi=&lt;regexp&gt;`  

`replace=&lt;regexp&gt;`  

`fieldset=&lt;entryfield&gt;`  

`fieldvalue=&lt;string&gt;`  

`entryclone=&lt;clonekey&gt;`  

`entrynew=&lt;entrynewkey&gt;`  

`entrynewtype=&lt;string&gt;`  

`entrytarget=&lt;string&gt;`  

`cited`  

`nocited`  

`citedornocited`  

`allnocited`  

`starnocited`  

`entrynocite`  

`entrynull`  

`append`  

`appendstrict`  

`final`  

`null`  

`origfield`  

`origfieldval`  

`origentrytype`  
For all boolean `\step` options, the short form `option` is equivalent
to `option=true`. The following rules for a mapping step apply:

Note that the options `cited`, `nocited`, `citedornocited`, `allnocited`
and `starnocited` are unique in that they can make the results of a
sourcemap differ depending on the refsection. This is because a
datasource to which source mapping applies may be used in several
refsections and source mappings are applied when fetching the data from
the datasources for a refsection. Citation commands are local to a
refsection and therefore may differ for the same entry from refsection
to refsection. For example, the same entry may be `\cite`d in one
refsection but `\nocite`d in another, resulting in different source map
results and therefore data between the refsections. This can be avoided
if desired, by limiting source maps to specific refsections only (see
`refsection` option to the `\map` command above).

-   If `entrynew` is set, a new entry is created with the entry key
    `entrynewkey` and the entry type given in the option `entrynewtype`.
    This entry is only in-scope during the processing of the current
    entry and can be referenced by `entrytarget`. In `entrynewkey`, you
    may use standard Perl regular expression backreferences to captures
    from a previous `match` step.

-   When a `fieldset` step has `entrytarget` set to the entrykey of an
    entry created by `entrynew`, the target for the field set will be
    the `entrytarget` entry rather than the entry being currently
    processed. This allows users to create new entries and set fields in
    them.

-   If `entrynocite` is used in a `entrynew` or `entryclone` step, the
    new/clone entry will be included in the `.bbl` as if the entry/clone
    had been `\nocite`ed in the document.

-   If `entrynull` is set, processing of the `\map` immediately
    terminates and the current entry is not created. It is as if it did
    not exist in the datasource. Obviously, you should select the
    entries which you want to apply this to using prior mapping steps.

-   If `entryclone` is set, a clone of the entry is created with an
    entry key `clonekey`. Obviously this may cause labelling problems in
    author/year styles etc. and should be used with care. The cloned
    entry is in-scope during the processing of the current entry and can
    be modified by passing its key as the value to `entrytarget`. In
    `clonekey`, you may use standard Perl regular expression
    backreferences to captures from a previous `match` step.

-   If `cited` is used then only apply the step if the entry key of an
    entry was specifically cited via `\cite`.

-   If `nocited` is used then only apply the step if the entry key of an
    entry was specifically nocited via `\nocite` or was included via
    `\nocite{*}`.

-   If `citedornocited` is used then only apply the step if the entry
    key of an entry was specifically cited via `\cite` or specifically
    nocited via `\nocite`.

-   If `allnocited` is used then only apply the step if the entry key of
    an entry was included via `\nocite{*}`.

-   If `starnocited` is used then only apply the step if the entry key
    of an entry was included solely because of `\nocite{*}`. This
    implies that the entry was neither explicitly `\cite`ed nor
    explicitly `\nocite`ed.

-   Change the `typesource` `entrytype` to the `typetarget` `entrytype`,
    if defined. If `final` is `true` then if the `entrytype` of the
    entry is not `typesource`, processing of the parent `\map`
    immediately terminates.

-   Change the `fieldsource` `entryfield` to `fieldtarget`, if defined.
    If `final` is `true` then if there is no `fieldsource` `entryfield`
    in the entry, processing of the parent `\map` immediately
    terminates.

-   If `notfield` is true only if the `entryfield` does not exist.
    Usually used with `final` so that if an entry does contain
    `entryfield`, the map terminates.

-   If `match` is defined but `replace` is not, only apply the step if
    the `fieldsource` `entryfield` matches the `match` regular
    expression (logic is reversed if you use `notmatch` and
    case-insensitive if you use the versions ending in &amp;lt;i&gt;)[1]. You
    may use capture parenthesis as usual and refer to these (\$1...\$9)
    in later `fieldvalue` specifications. This allows you to pull out
    parts of some fields and put these parts in other fields.

-   Perform a regular expression match and replace on the value of the
    `fieldsource` `entryfield` if `match` and `replace` are defined.

-   If `matches` is defined, it should be a comma-separated list of
    literal strings which are replaced by corresponding locations in a
    comma-separated list provided in `replace`. The lists must have the
    same number of elements or the step will be skipped. `matchesi` is
    the same but case-insensitive.

-   If `fieldset` is defined, then its value is `entryfield` which will
    be set to a value specified by further options. If `overwrite` is
    false for this step and the field to set already exists then the map
    step is ignored. If `final` is also true for this step, then
    processing of the parent map stops at this point. If `append` is
    true, then the value to set is appended to the current value of
    `entryfield`. `appendstrict` only appends to `entryfield` if
    `entryfield` is not empty. The value to set is specified by a
    mandatory one and only one of the following options:

    -   Â&nbsp;`fieldvalue` --- The `fieldset` `entryfield` is set to the
        `fieldvalue` `string`

    -   Â&nbsp;`null` --- The `fieldset` `entryfield` is ignored, as if it did
        not exist in the datasource

    -   Â&nbsp;`origentrytype` --- The `fieldset` `entryfield` is set to the
        most recently mentioned `typesource` `entrytype` name

    -   Â&nbsp;`origfield` --- The `fieldset` `entryfield` is set to the most
        recently mentioned `fieldsource` `entryfield` name

    -   Â&nbsp;`origfieldval` --- The `fieldset` `entryfield` is set to the
        most recently mentioned `fieldsource` value

[1] Regular expressions are full Perl 5.16 regular expressions. This
means you may need to deal with special characters, see examples.
]]
  },
  stripzeros = {
    arguments = {{meta = "integer"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\stripzeros{integer}
```

This command strips leading zeros from a number. It is intended for date
formatting and ordinals.

For every field marked as a &amp;lt;Label field&gt; in the data model, a
formatting directive is created as per `shorthandwidth` above. Since
`shorthand` is so marked in the default data model, this functionality
is a superset of that described for `shorthandwidth`.

Similar to `shorthandwidth`, but referring to the `labelnumber` field
and the length register `\labelnumberwidth`. Numeric styles should
adjust this directive such that it corresponds to the format used in the
bibliography.

Similar to `shorthandwidth`, but referring to the `labelalpha` field and
the length register `\labelalphawidth`. Alphabetic styles should adjust
this directive such that it corresponds to the format used in the
bibliography.

A special formatting directive for use with `\printfield` and
`\printtext`. This directive wraps its argument in a `\bibhyperref`
command, see ?? for details.

A special formatting directive for use with `\printfield` and
`\printtext`. It wraps its argument in a `\bibhyperlink` command, see ??
for details. The `name` argument passed to `\bibhyperlink` is the value
of the `entrykey` field.

A special formatting directive for use with `\printfield` and
`\printtext`. It wraps its argument in a `\bibhypertarget` command, see
?? for details. The `name` argument passed to `\bibhypertarget` is the
value of the `entrykey` field.

A special formatting directive which controls the format of the
page/text portion in the argument of citation commands like `\volcite`.

A special formatting directive which controls the format of the volume
portion in the argument of citation commands like `\volcite`.

A special formatting directive which controls the format of `\printdate`
(??). Note that the date format (long/short etc.) is controlled by the
package option `date` from ??. This formatting directive only controls
additional formatting such as fonts etc.

As `date` but controls the format of `\printlabeldate`.

As `date` but controls the format of `\print&lt;datetype&gt;date`.

A special formatting directive which controls the format of `\printtime`
(??). Note that the time format (24h/12h etc.) is controlled by the
package option `time` from ??. This formatting directive only controls
additional formatting such as fonts etc.

As `time` but controls the format of `\printlabeltime`.

As `time` but controls the format of `\print&lt;datetype&gt;time`.
]]
  },
  strname = {
    arguments = {{meta = "name list"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\strname{name list}
```

Similar to `\thename`, except that the name internal representation is
automatically sanitized such that its value may safely be used in the
formation of a control sequence name.
]]
  },
  subtitlepunct = {
    details = [[
```latex
\subtitlepunct
```

The separator printed between the fields `title` and `subtitle`,
`booktitle` and `booksubtitle`, as well as `maintitle` and
`mainsubtitle`. With the default styles, this separator replaces
`\newunitpunct` at this location. The default definition is
`\newunitpunct`, i.e. it is not handled differently from regular unit
punctuation.

```latex
\subtitlepunct
```

The separator to be printed between the fields `title` and `subtitle`,
`booktitle` and `booksubtitle`, as well as `maintitle` and
`mainsubtitle`. Use this separator instead of `\newunitpunct` at this
location. The default is `\newunitpunct`, i.e. it is not handled
differently from regular unit punctuation but permits convenient
reconfiguration.
]]
  },
  supercitedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\supercitedelim
```

Similar to `\multicitedelim`, but used by the `\supercite` command only.
The default is a comma.

```latex
\supercitedelim
```

Similar to `\multinamedelim`, but intended for the `\supercite` command
only. The default is a comma.
]]
  },
  supercitesubentrydelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\supercitesubentrydelim
```

Analogue of `\multicitesubentrydelim` for `\supercite`. The default is
`\supercitedelim`.
]]
  },
  texouterlang = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\texouterlang{text}
```

Locally switches from the current language to the surrounding language
(which was not selected by `biblatex`) to typeset `text`. This can be
used the `wrapper` argument in the localisation string commands above.
]]
  },
  textcite = {
    action = "cite",
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "prenote", optional = true},
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "postnote", optional = true},
      {meta = "key"}
    },
    details = "$ref:biblatex.sty#/commands/Textcite/details"
  },
  textnohyphenation = {
    arguments = {{meta = "text"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\textnohyphenation{text}
```

Similar to `\nohyphenation` but restricted to the `text` argument.
]]
  },
  thefield = {
    arguments = {{meta = "field"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\thefield{field}
```

Expands to the unformatted `field`. If the `field` is undefined, this
command expands to an empty string.
]]
  },
  thefirstlistitem = {
    arguments = {{meta = "literal list"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\thefirstlistitem{literal list}
```

Expands to the unformatted first item in `literal list`. If the
`literal list` is undefined, this command expands to an empty string.
]]
  },
  thelist = {
    arguments = {{meta = "literal list"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\thelist{literal list}
```

Expands to the unformatted `literal list`. If the list is undefined,
this command expands to an empty string. Note that this command will
dump the `literal list` in the internal format used by this package.
This format is not suitable for printing.
]]
  },
  translatortypedelim = {
    details = [[
```latex
\translatortypedelim
```

The delimiter printed between the translator and the `translator`
string. The default is a comma followed by a space.
]]
  },
  translit = {
    arguments = {
      {delimiters = {"[", "]"}, meta = "langids", optional = true},
      {meta = "field or fieldset"},
      {meta = "from"},
      {meta = "to"}
    },
    details = [=[
```latex
\translit[langids]{field or fieldset}{from}{to}
```

Specifies that the data field `field` or all fields in a fieldset
`fieldset` declared with `\DeclareDatafieldSet` (see ??) should be
transliterated from script `from` to script `to` for sorting purposes.
The field/set argument should be &amp;lt;\*&amp;gt; to apply transliteration to
all fields. The valid `from` and `to` values are given in table
[\[tab:translit\]][1]. The optional `langids` parameter is a
comma-separated list of `langid` fields and the transliteration will
apply only to bibliography entries containing one of the `langid`s in
the list. Note that `biblatex`does not aim to support general
transliteration, only those which are useful for sorting purposes.
Please open a GitHub ticket for `biblatex`Â&nbsp;if you think you need
additional transliterations.

An example of transliterating titles so that they sort correctly in
Sanskrit. This example assumes that entries that should have their title
fields transliterated have a `langid` field set to &amp;lt;sanskrit&gt;.

    \DeclareDatafieldSet{settitles}{
      \member[field=title]
      \member[field=booktitle]
      \member[field=eventtitle]
      \member[field=issuetitle]
      \member[field=journaltitle]
      \member[field=maintitle]
      \member[field=origtitle]
    }

    \DeclareSortTranslit{
      \translit[sanskrit]{settitles}{iast}{devanagari}
    }

  [1]: #tab:translit
]=]
  },
  uniquename = {
    details = [[
```latex
\uniquename
```

This counter refers to the `labelname` list. It is set on a per-name
basis. Its value is `0` if the base parts of the name (by default just
the &amp;lt;family&gt; part of the name) are unique, `1` if adding the other
non-base parts of the name (as specified in the uniquename template
defined by `\DeclareUniquenameTemplate`) as initials will make it
unique, and `2` if adding the full form of the non-base parts of the
name are required to disambiguate the name. This information is required
by author-year and author-title citation schemes which add additional
parts of the name when citing different authors with the same family
name. For example, (given the default `\DeclareUniquenameTemplate`
definition) if there is one &amp;lt;John Doe&gt; and one &amp;lt;Edward Doe&gt; in the
list of references, this counter will be set to `1`. If there is one
&amp;lt;John Doe&gt; and one &amp;lt;Jane Doe&gt;, the value of the counter will be
`2`. If the option is set to `init`/`allinit`/`mininit`, the counter
will be limited to `1`. This is useful for citations styles which use
initials to disambiguate names but never print the full name in
citations. If adding the initials is not sufficient to disambiguate the
name, `uniquename` will also be set to `0` for that name. This feature
needs to be enabled explicitly with the package option `uniquename`.
Note that the `uniquename` counter is local to `\printnames` and that it
is only set for the `labelname` list and for the name list that
`labelname` has been derived from (typically `author` or `editor`). Its
value is zero in any other context, i.e., it must be evaluated in the
name formatting directives handling name lists. See ?? for further
details and practical examples. This counter can be overridden on a
per-namepart basis by consulting the `\namepart&lt;namepart&gt;un` macros
during name formatting, see ??.
]]
  },
  unspace = {
    details = [[
```latex
\unspace
```

Removes preceding whitespace, i.e. removes all skips and penalties from
the end of the current horizontal list. This command is implicitly
executed by all of the following commands.
]]
  },
  usebibmacro = {
    arguments = {{literal = "*", optional = true}, {meta = "name"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\usebibmacro*{name}
```

This command executes the macro `name`, as defined with `\newbibmacro`.
If the macro takes any arguments, they are simply appended after `name`.
The regular variant of this command sanitizes `name` while the starred
variant does not.
]]
  },
  usefirstlistitem = {
    arguments = {{meta = "command"}, {meta = "literal list"}},
    details = [[
```latex
\usefirstlistitem{command}{literal list}
```

Executes `command` using the unformatted first item of `literal list` as
its argument.
]]
  }
}
environments = {
  refsection = {
    arguments = {
      {
        delimiters = {"[", "]"},
        meta = "resource, ... ",
        optional = true
      }
    },
    details = [[
```latex
\begin{refsection}[resource, ... ] ... \end{refsection}
```

The optional argument is a comma-separated list of resources specific to
the reference section. If the argument is omitted, the reference section
will use the default resource list, as specified with `\addbibresource`
in the preamble. If the argument is provided, it replaces the default
resource list. Global resources specified with `\addglobalbib` are
always considered. `refsection` environments may not be nested, but you
may use `refsegment` environments within a `refsection` to subdivide it
into segments. Use the `section` option of `\printbibliography` to
select a section when printing the bibliography, and the corresponding
option of `\printbiblist` when printing bibliography lists. Bibliography
sections are numbered starting atÂ&nbsp;`1`. The number of the current section
is also written to the transcript file. All citations given outside a
`refsection` environment are assigned to sectionÂ&nbsp;0. If
`\printbibliography` is used within a `refsection`, it will
automatically select the current section. The `section` option is not
required in this case. This also applies to `\printbiblist`. Beginning a
new reference section automatically ends the active reference context
(see ??).
]]
  },
  refsegment = {
    details = [[
```latex
\begin{refsegment} ... \end{refsegment}
```

The difference between a `refsection` and a `refsegment` environment is
that the former creates labels which are local to the environment
whereas the latter provides a target for the `segment` filter of
`\printbibliography` without affecting the labels. They will be unique
across the entire document. `refsegment` environments may not be nested,
but you may use them in conjunction with `refsection` to subdivide a
reference section into segments. In this case, the segments are local to
the enclosing `refsection` environment. Use the `segment` option of
`\printbibliography` to select a segment when printing the bibliography.
Within a section, the reference segments are numbered starting atÂ&nbsp;`1`
and the number of the current segment will be written to the transcript
file. All citations given outside a `refsegment` environment are
assigned to segmentÂ&nbsp;0. In contrast to the `refsection` environment, the
current segment is not selected automatically if `\printbibliography` is
used within a `refsegment` environment.
]]
  }
}
</pre></body></html>