<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">% [arabic_vocabulary.tex]


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   XETEX INPUTS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%
  
\input unicode_latin.mac
\input format_XETEX.mac 
\input macros.mac
\input arabic_fonts.mac
%
\input petr_olsak.mac   % tables + marginal notes
\input my_fonts.mac 

\input pstricks  % need for centring
\input epsf      % need for importing eps
\input color   % this is part of the dpctex package. Allows typesetting text
                      %    in colour;  


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    END  INPUTS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%

%  KEEP BIDI UP HERE AND AFTER OTHER *.MAC
\input bidi  

% A = interline glue   If A &lt; B then sets A to C  p. 134
\lineskiplimit = 2pt  % B     %    pg 134 they have  2pt plus .5pt
\lineskip= 1.8pt         % C     %      pg 134 they have 1pt

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    END  INPUTS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    VARIOUS COMMANDS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%

\topglue  0pt       % p. 156
\topskip  18pt      

\overfullrule=0pt
\tracingoutput  = 0   % file - minimum information ( =1  for full)
\tracingonline  = 0   % screen - minimum information ( =1  for full

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   END  VARIOUS COMMANDS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    DIMENSIONS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%
\pdfpageheight=11truein
\pdfpagewidth= 8.5truein   

\vsize =  8.50 in       
{\hsize = 5.94 in    

\voffset =   0.5 truecm  %1.0truecm  
\hoffset = 0.70truecm  

\baselineskip = 14pt    % default = 12pt	
\nopagenumbers

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%   END DIMENSIONS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%

%  Here \rm encloses everything
%  For short Arabic use: \RL{Arabic text} ===&gt; see \arb#1 below
%  For longer Arabic use \setRL and \LR{\rm English text} ===&gt; see \eng#1 below

%  HAVE TO GO BACK TO MAINLY ENGLISH WITH \SETLR

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  SPECIAL DEFINITIONS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%                      keep these definitions here

% QUESTION MARK for use with libertine 
\def\Q{\RL{\bffourteen ?}}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  SPECIAL ARABIC+ENGLISH FONT DEFINITIONS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%

%    I was not sure of what point size to use so I created a sub-selection
%    from the fonts defined in [arabic.mac]  with  names that show the font size
\def\atwelve{\arabicaaaa}  % 12.0pt
\def\athirteen{\arabicaaaa}  % 13.0pt
\def\afourteen{\arabicaaaaa}  % 14.0pt
   \def\afifteen{\arabicaaaaaa}  % 15.0pt     This seems to be a good size

% I created these macros so
% For typing Arabic inside English text
\def\arb#1{\RL{\arabicAAAA#1}}
% For typing  English inside Arabic text
\def\eng#1{\LR{\rmfifteen #1}}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  END SPECIAL ARABIC+ENGLISH FONT DEFINITIONS    %%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%  START TEXT    %%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
{\verysmall .}	   % so that I can move the text up
\vskip -25truept\nin
%
{\rmtwelve    % 12.5 | \bf = 12.5 | \it =13.0 | \bi = 13.5 
%
\centerline {\bfeighteen  Typesetting Arab: sample}   % English title
\mni
%                               wikipedia had backwards so leave LR
\centerline{\bfsixteen The Arabic alphabet\quad \RL{\arabicAAAA ŘŁŮŽŘ¨Ů’Ř¬ŮŽŘŻŮŮŠŮŽŮ‘Ř© ŘąŮŽŘ±ŮŽŘ¨ŮŮŠŮŽŮ‘Ř©}â€Ž }
\mni
In addition to the modern order of the Arabic alphabet (which groups consonants of  similar shape)
there still exists  another order,  the so-called {\itthirteen Abjad\/} order, which is the same as one of the ancient Semitic 
orders; see the following for variations where different subsitutes for the ancient \lq samech\rq\ (another {\itthirteen s\/}, which
still exists in Hebrew) are used:
\sni
{\tteleven https:\gl /\gl/en.wikipedia.org\fsl wiki\fsl Abjad\unl numerals}
%
%        
%\setRL   % the wikipedia side gave a "backwards" copy so just leave
\sni     %  IT ABSOLUTELY NEEDS A \PAR. \NIN IS NOT GOOD ENOUGH
%
\centerline{
{\arabicAAA
%\rightskip = 1cm %   IF WANT TO INDENT FOR MARGINAL NOTES
%\raggedleft  % in [macros.mac]
 	Ř¸ 	Ř¶ 	Ř° 	Ř® 	Ř« 	ŘŞ 	Ř´ 	Ř± 	Ů‚ 	Řµ 	Ů 	Řą 	Řł 	Ů† 	Ů… 	Ů„ 	Ů 	ŮŠ 	Ř· 	Ř­ 	Ř˛ 	Ů 	Ů‡ 	ŘŻ 	Ř¬ 	Ř¨ 	ŘŁ        
}
               } % end centerline
% 
\sni
%
\setLR  % TO RETURN TO MAINLY ENGLISH  
%
\mni
The first twenty-two letters are essentially the same as the corresponding Hebrew consonants and so 
I learned the Arabic alphabet (in part) by looking at the correponding letter. There are practical
differences between the two alphabets, mainly to do with letters that have a soft and hard variation.
For instance Hebrew has a {\itthirteen f\/} and  {\itthirteen p\/} Arabic only has 
the  {\itthirteen f\/}. in addition Arabic treats  soft and hard variation as separate letters, whereras
Hebrew indicates the difference by an interior dot and so  treats {\itthirteen f\/} and  {\itthirteen p\/} as one letter.
Hebrew also treats the {\itthirteen sin\/} and {\itthirteen shin\/} as one letter and indicates the difference by a the position
of the dot above the form. Arabic treats these as separate letters and this accounts, in part,  for the different 
Abjad orders.
\bni
% 
% OPAC
%       || = double lines on edges 
% vowels centred examle left aligned
% need 3 x &amp;
\centerline{\bffourteen Arabic\tiret English Vocabulary}
\mni
%
\centerline{             % ===&gt;    1 x &amp;
\table{ ||c         c||}   % just one line if use frame 
%
           {   
\crll % empty text with  line on top 
%
    % I use the following to leave more vertical space in a ruled table
    % \vtop pushes away from bottom  \vbox from top
%   
\vtop spread 15pt{}\vbox spread 24pt{}  \eng{Arabic} &amp; \eng{English} \crl
%
\vtop spread 15pt{}\vbox spread 24pt{}  % vertical spacing
\arb{ŮŠŮŽŘŻ }     &amp;   \eng{hand}\crl            % data
%
\vtop spread 15pt{}\vbox spread 24pt{}  % vertical spacing
          \arb{Ů…Ř§ŘˇŮŚ }     &amp;   \eng{water}\crl            % data
%
\vtop spread 15pt{}\vbox spread 24pt{}  % vertical spacing
%
\arb{ŮŮŽŘŞŮŽŘ¨ŮŽ }     &amp;   \eng{to write}\crl            % data
%
\crll % empty text with  line on bottom
}    % empty text with  line on bottom
         } % centerline
\vskip 15pt\nin
%
\vfill\eject
\nin
\setLR
\pni
\centerline {\bffifteen The Opening Verses of the Quran}
\mni
{\rmthirteen N.B. Not typeset, but copied from a web version of the Quran: {\[\ttthirteen http:\gl//\gl tanzil.net/\]}
\bni
\centerline{\RL{\arabicB {ŘłŮŘ±Ř© Ř§Ů„ŮŘ§ŘŞŘ­Ř©}}}

%        % FORM FOR ARABIC   
\setRL  % \setRL {\verysmall .}	  
\pni     %  IT ABSOLUTELY NEEDS A \PAR. \NIN IS NOT GOOD ENOUGH
%
{\arabicAAAAA
%\rightskip = 1cm %   IF WANT TO INDENT FOR MARGINAL NOTES
\raggedleft  % in [macros.mac]
 %\fixmnotes\right
%                                               NOTE GOES BEFORE TEXT
                  % \mnoteskip = 10pt\mnote{\rm  1:1\TH}  %  MOVE UP for double notes
{\arabicBBB  
\raise 5pt\hbox{
Ř¨ŮŘłŮ’Ů…Ů
} } \kern  -10pt
Ř§Ů„Ů„Ů‘ŮŽŮ€Ů‡Ů Ř§Ů„Ř±Ů‘ŮŽŘ­Ů’Ů…ŮŽŮ€Ů°Ů†Ů Ř§Ů„Ř±Ů‘ŮŽŘ­ŮŮŠŮ…Ů. 
Ř§Ů„Ů’Ř­ŮŽŮ…Ů’ŘŻŮŹ Ů„ŮŮ„Ů‘ŮŽŮ€Ů‡Ů Ř±ŮŽŘ¨ŮŮ‘ Ř§Ů„Ů’ŘąŮŽŘ§Ů„ŮŽŮ…ŮŮŠŮ†ŮŽ. 
Ř§Ů„Ř±Ů‘ŮŽŘ­Ů’Ů…ŮŽŮ€Ů°Ů†Ů Ř§Ů„Ř±Ů‘ŮŽŘ­ŮŮŠŮ…Ů.
Ů…ŮŽŘ§Ů„ŮŮŮ ŮŠŮŽŮŮ’Ů…Ů Ř§Ů„ŘŻŮŮ‘ŮŠŮ†Ů.
}
% 
%
\end  % it says to put, probably to end \bidi
\vfill\eject 
 }       % end \rm
\par} % ends \hsize
	    \bye


	  




</pre></body></html>