<html><head><meta name="color-scheme" content="light dark"></head><body><pre style="word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap;">% This is part of the book TeX for the Impatient.
% Copyright (C) 2003 Paul W. Abrahams, Kathryn A. Hargreaves, Karl Berry.
% See file fdl.tex for copying conditions.

\input macros
\chapter{Capsule summary \linebreak of commands}

\chapterdef{capsule}

This section contains one-line descriptions of the primitive \TeX\
commands and the \TeX\ commands defined in \plainTeX. These include both
control sequences and 
special characters.
We've omitted those commands that are only intended for internal use
in the
\plainTeX\ definition (\knuth{Appendix~B}).
Note that ordinary characters
such as `|a|' or `|6|' are also commands, and indeed the most common
ones \seeconcept{character}.

To keep the descriptions brief, we've adopted
certain conventions:

\ulist

\li An asterisk in front of a command indicates that the command is primitive,
^^{primitive//command} i.e., built into the \TeX\ computer program
\seeconcept{primitive}. 

\li The words ``music'', ``punctuation'', ``function'',
``symbol'', ``relation'', ``delimiter'', or ``operator'' in a command
description imply that the command is only legal in math modes.
 
\li The verb ``display'' applies to information
that \TeX\ sends to the ^{log file}, unless otherwise indicated.  If
|\tracingonline| is positive, \TeX\ also sends that output to the
terminal. We use the noun ``display'' to refer to math displays (see
\xref{display math}), i.e., material between |$$|'s.

\li The phrase ``produce $x$'' indicates that the command will typeset
$x$ and put the result in a box.
We sometimes omit ``produce'' when the omission is unlikely to
cause confusion. For example, we describe |\alpha| as ``math Greek
letter $\alpha$'', not ``produce the math Greek letter $\alpha$''.
\margin{Remove explanations of ``space'' and ``glue''}

\endulist

\begincapsum

{\catcode `@ = \letter
\caplineout {\\\visiblespace} {interword space}*{\@space}}%
   {\catcode `\ =\other\ctsidxref{ }}
\capcs ! {negative thin space for math}{}{\@shriek}
\capcs " {umlaut accent for text, as in \"o}{}{\@quote}
\capactwo # {introduce a macro parameter, or indicate where the text of
   an entry goes in an alignment preamble}{}{@msharp:@asharp}
\capcs # {produce \# character from current font}{}{\@pound}
\capac $ {begin or end a math formula}{}{mathform}
\capcs $ {produce \$ character from current font}{}{\@bucks}
\capac % {begin a comment}*{comments}
\capcs % {produce \% character from current font}{}{\@percent}
\capac &amp; {separate templates and entries in an alignment}{}{@and}
\capcs &amp; {produce \&amp; character from current font}{}{\@and}
\capac ' {prime symbol for math, as in $p'$}{}{@prime}
\capcs ' {acute accent for text, as in \'e}{}{\@prime}
\capcs * {multiplication symbol that allows a line break}{}{\@star}
\capcs + {begin tabbed line}{}{\@plus}
\capcs , {thin space for math}{}{\@comma}
\capcs - {specify a legal hyphenation point}*{\@minus}
\capcs . {dot accent for text, as in \.n}{}{\@dot}
\capcs / {italic correction for the previous character}*{\@slash}
\capcs ; {thick space for math}{}{\@semi}
\capcs = {macron accent for text, as in \=r}{}{\@equal}
\capac \ {begin a control sequence}*{@backslash}
\capcs &gt; {medium space for math}{}{\@greater}
\capac ^ {produce a specified subformula as a superscript}{}{@hat}
\capcs ^ {circumflex accent for text, as in \^o}{}{\@hat}
{\catcode `@ = \letter
\caplineout {\twocarets L}{equivalent to the |\\par| primitive}
            {}{\@par}\ttidxref{^^L}
\caplineout {\twocarets M}{an end-of-line}*{@newline}\ttidxref{^^M}
}%
\capac _ {produce a specified subformula as a subscript}{}{@underscore}
\capcs _ {underscore: \_}{}{\@underscore}
%x \capac ` {in a \&lt;number&gt; context, \ascii\ code for character that follows}*{@lquote}
\capcs ` {grave accent for text, as in \`e}{}{\@lquote}
\capac { {start a group}{}{@lbrace}
\capcs { {left brace delimiter for math: $\{$}{}{\@lbrace}
\capcs | {parallel lines for math: $\Vert$}{}{\@bar}
\capac } {end a group}{}{@rbrace}
\capcs } {right brace delimiter for math: $\}$}{}{\@rbrace}
\capac ~ {interword space at which a line will not break}{}{@not}
\capcs ~ {tilde accent for text, as in \~a}{}{\@not}
\capcs aa {Scandinavian letter: \aa}{}{}
\capcs AA {Scandinavian letter: \AA}{}{}
\capcs above {produce a fraction with a bar of specified thickness}*{}
\capcs abovedisplayshortskip {glue \TeX\ inserts before a display when the 
   previous line fits in the display's indentation, by 
   default 0\pt\ plus 3\pt}*{}
\capcs abovedisplayskip {glue \TeX\ inserts before a display when the previous
   line doesn't fit in the display's indentation, by default 12\pt\
   plus 3\pt\ minus 9\pt}*{}
\capcs abovewithdelims {produce a fraction with a bar of specified thickness
   and surrounded by specified delimiters}*{}
\capcs accent {put specified accent over the next character}*{}
\capcs active {category code for active characters, viz., the number $13$}{}{}
\capcs acute {acute accent for math, as in $\acute x$}{}{}
\capcs adjdemerits {additional demerits for a line break which would result in
   adjacent lines with incompatible word spacing, by default~10000}*{}
\capcs advance {add a number to a |\\count| register}*{}
\capcs advancepageno {if |\\pageno| is positive, add one;
   if it's negative, subtract one}{}{}
\capcs ae {\ae\ ligature}{}{}
\capcs AE {\AE\ ligature}{}{}
\capcs afterassignment {wait to expand the following token until
   the next assignment is done}*{}
\capcs aftergroup {wait to expand the following token until the end
   of the current group}*{}
\capcs aleph {only Hebrew letter for math: $\aleph$}{}{}
\capcstwo allowbreak {do |\\penalty0|, i.e., allow a line or page break
   where one could not ordinarily occur}{}{hallowbreak:vallowbreak}
\capcs alpha {math Greek letter $\alpha$}{}{}
\capcs amalg {amalgamation operator: $\amalg$}{}{}
\capcs angle {angle symbol: $\angle$}{}{}
\capcs approx {approximation relation: $\approx$}{}{}
\capcs arccos {arc cosine function: $\arccos$}{}{}
\capcs arcsin {arc sine function: $\arcsin$}{}{}
\capcs arctan {arc tangent function: $\arctan$}{}{}
\capcs arg {argument (phase) function: $\arg$}{}{}
\capcs arrowvert {vertical portion of an extensible double arrow}{}{}
\capcs Arrowvert {vertical portion of an extensible single arrow}{}{}
\capcs ast {asterisk operator: $\ast$}{}{}
\capcs asymp {asymptote relation: $\asymp$}{}{}
\capcs atop {produce a fraction without a fraction bar}*{}
\capcs atopwithdelims {produce a fraction without a fraction bar and 
   surrounded by specified delimiters}*{}
\capcs b {bar-under accent for math, as in $\b x$}{}{}
\capcs backslash {backslash symbol: $\backslash$}{}{}
\capcs badness {the badness of the glue setting in the last box
   made}*{}
\capcs bar {bar accent for math, as in $\bar x$}{}{}
\capcs baselineskip {glue for the normal vertical distance from one baseline 
   to the next, by default 12\pt}*{}
\capcs batchmode {don't stop at errors and don't output to terminal}*{}
\capcs begingroup {start a group to be ended by |\\endgroup|}*{}
\capcs beginsection {begin a major subdivision of a document}{}%
   {\@beginsection}
\capcs belowdisplayshortskip {glue \TeX\ inserts after a display when the
   previous line fits in the display's indentation, 
      by default 7\pt\ plus 0.3\pt\ minus 4\pt}*{}
\capcs belowdisplayskip {glue \TeX\ inserts after a display when the previous
   line doesn't fit in the display's indentation,
   by default 12\pt\ plus 3\pt\ minus 9\pt}*{}
\capcs beta {math Greek letter $\beta$}{}{}
\capcs bf {use boldface, i.e., do |\\tenbf\\fam=\\bffam|}{}{}
\capcs bffam {boldface family for math}{}{}
\capcs bgroup {implicit beginning-of-group character}{}{}
\capcs big {make the specified delimiter larger than an ordinary one, but
   still small enough for text}{}{}
\capcs Big {make the specified delimiter about 11.5\pt\ tall}{}{}
\capcs bigbreak {indicate desirable page break with |\\penalty-200|
   and produce |\\bigskipamount| glue}{}{}
\capcs bigcap {large cap operator (no, it doesn't produce a large
   capital letter!): $\bigcap$}{}{}
\capcs bigcirc {large circle operator: $\bigcirc$}{}{}
\capcs bigcup {large cup operator: $\bigcup$}{}{}
\capcs bigg {make the specified delimiter about 14.5\pt\ tall}{}{}
\capcs Bigg {make specified delimiter about 17.5\pt\ tall}{}{}
\capcs biggl {sized like |\\bigg|, but spaced as an opening}{}{}
\capcs Biggl {sized like |\\Bigg|, but spaced as an opening}{}{}
\capcs biggm {sized like |\\bigg|, but spaced as a relation}{}{}
\capcs Biggm {sized like |\\Bigg|, but spaced as a relation}{}{}
\capcs biggr {sized like |\\bigg|, but spaced as a closing}{}{}
\capcs Biggr {sized like |\\Bigg|, but spaced as a closing}{}{}
\capcs bigl {sized like |\\big|, but spaced as an opening}{}{}
\capcs Bigl {sized like |\\Big|, but spaced as an opening}{}{}
\capcs bigm {sized like |\\big|, but spaced as a relation}{}{}
\capcs Bigm {sized like |\\Big|, but spaced as a relation}{}{}
\capcs bigodot {large circled dot operator: $\bigodot$}{}{}
\capcs bigoplus {large circled plus operator: $\bigoplus$}{}{}
\capcs bigotimes {large circled times operator: $\bigotimes$}{}{}
\capcs bigr {sized like |\\big|, but spaced as a closing}{}{}
\capcs Bigr {sized like |\\Big|, but spaced as a closing}{}{}
\capcs bigskip {produce |\\bigskipamount| glue}{}{}
\capcs bigskipamount {glue for a big vertical skip, by default 12\pt\
   plus 4\pt\ minus 4\pt}{}{}
\capcs bigsqcup {large square cup operator: $\bigsqcup$}{}{}
\capcs bigtriangledown {triangle operator pointing downward:
   $\bigtriangledown$}{}{}
\capcs bigtriangleup {triangle operator pointing upward: $\bigtriangleup$}{}{}
\capcs biguplus {large cupped plus operator: $\biguplus$}{}{}
\capcs bigvee {large logical ``or'' operator: $\bigvee$}{}{}
\capcs bigwedge {large logical ``and'' operator: $\bigwedge$}{}{}
\capcs binoppenalty {additional penalty for breaking after a binary math 
   operator, by default~700}*{}
\capcs bmod {modulus operator, as in $n \bmod 2$}{}{}
\capcs bordermatrix {produce matrix with labelled rows and columns}{}{}
\capcs bot {lattice bottom symbol: $\bot$}{}{}
\capcs botmark {the last mark item on the page just boxed}*{}
\capcs bowtie {bowtie relation: $\bowtie$}{}{}
\capcs box {append the box in a specified box register
   to the current list, and void the register}*{}
\capcs boxmaxdepth {maximum depth of vboxes, by default |\\maxdimen|}*{}
\capcs brace {|\char36 n\\brace k\char36| produces 
   braced notation: $n \brace k$}{}{}
\capcs bracevert {vertical portion of extensible large brace}{}{}
\capcs brack {|\char36 n\\brack k\char36| produces bracketed notation: $n \brack k$}{}{}
\capcstwo break {do |\\penalty-10000|, i.e., force a line or page
   break}{}{hbreak:vbreak}
\capcs breve {breve accent for math, as in $\breve x$}{}{}
\capcs brokenpenalty {penalty for line break at a discretionary item, by
   default~100}*{}
\capcs buildrel {produce specified formula over the specified relation}{}{}
\capcs bullet {bullet operation: $\bullet$}{}{}
\capcs bye {|\\vfill| the last page with blank space, |\\supereject| it,
   and |\\end| the job}{}{\@bye}
\capcs c {cedilla accent for text, as in \c c}{}{}
\capcs cal {use calligraphic font for uppercase letters in math,
   as in $\cal XYZ$}{}{}
\capcs cap {cap operator: $\cap$}{}{}
\capcs cases {produce cases for math, as in $\bigl\{{\cdots\atop\cdots}$}{}{}
\capcs catcode {the category code of a specified character}*{}
\capcs cdot {centered dot operator: $\cdot$}{}{}
\capcs cdotp {centered dot punctuation: $\cdotp$}{}{}
\capcs cdots {centered dots for math: $\cdots$}{}{}
\capcs centerline {produce line with its text centered}{}{}
\capcs char {produce the character from the current font with the specified
   code}*{}
\capcs chardef {define a specified control sequence to be a character's
   code, a number between 0 and $255$}*{}
\capcs check {check accent for math, as in $\check x$}{}{}
\capcs chi {math Greek letter $\chi$}{}{}
\capcs choose {|\char36 n\\choose k\char36| produces combinatorial notation:
   $n \choose k$}{}{}
\capcs circ {circle operation: $\circ$}{}{}
\capcs cleaders {produce leaders with half of leftover space before
   the first box, and half after the last}*{}
\capcs cleartabs {clear all the tabs for tabbing alignments}{}{}
\capcs closein {close a specified input stream}*{}
\capcs closeout {close a specified output stream}*{}
\capcs clubpenalty {additional penalty for a single line remaining before
   a page break, by default~150}*{}
\capcs clubsuit {club suit symbol: $\clubsuit$}{}{}
\capcs colon {colon punctation symbol for math: $:$}{}{}
\capcs cong {congruence relation: $\cong$}{}{}
\capcs coprod {coproduct operator: $\coprod$}{}{}
\capcs copy {like |\\box|, but don't void the register}*{}
\capcs copyright {copyright mark: \copyright}{}{}
\capcs cos {cosine function: $\cos$}{}{}
\capcs cosh {hyperbolic cosine function: $\cosh$}{}{}
\capcs cot {cotangent function : $\cot$}{}{}
\capcs coth {hyperbolic cotangent function: $\coth$}{}{}
\capcs count {the specified integer register}*{}
\capcs countdef {define a specified control sequence to be a number
   corresponding to a |\\count| register}*{}
\capcs cr {end a row (or column) within an alignment}*{}
\capcs crcr {does nothing if the last command was |\\cr| or |\\noalign|;
   otherwise, equivalent to |\\cr|}*{}
\capcs csc {cosecant function: $\csc$}{}{}
\capcs csname {start a control sequence name to be ended by |\\endcsname|}*{}
\capcs cup {cup operator: $\cup$}{}{}
\capcs d {underdot accent for text, as in \d r}{}{}
\capcs dag {dagger symbol for text: \dag}{}{}
\capcs dagger {dagger operator for math: $\dagger$}{}{}
\capcs dashv {right turnstile relation: $\dashv$}{}{}
\capcs day {current day of the month, as a number}*{}
\capcs ddag {double dagger symbol for text: \ddag}{}{}
\capcs ddagger {double dagger operator for math: $\ddagger$}{}{}
\capcs ddot  {double dot accent for math: $\ddot x$}{}{}
\capcs ddots {diagonal dots for math: \smash{$\ddots$}}{}{}
\capcs deadcycles {number of |\\output| initiations since the last
   |\\shipout|}*{}
\capcs def {define a control sequence to be a macro}*{}
\capcs defaulthyphenchar {default hyphenation character code}*{}
\capcs defaultskewchar {default accent skewing character code}*{}
\capcs deg {degree function: $\deg$}{}{}
\capcs delcode {the delimiter code of a specified character}*{}
\capcs delimiter {produce a specified delimiter}*{}
\capcs delimiterfactor {1000 times the ratio of the minimum size of a
   delimiter to the size that would completely cover the formula, by
   default~901}*{}
\capcs delimitershortfall {minimum difference between formula height and
   delimiter height, by default 5\pt}*{}
\capcs delta {math Greek letter $\delta$}{}{}
\capcs Delta {math Greek letter $\Delta$}{}{}
\capcs det {determinant function: $\det$}{}{}
\capcs diamond {diamond operator: $\diamond$}{}{}
\capcs diamondsuit {diamond suit symbol: $\diamondsuit$}{}{}
\capcs dim {dimension function: $\dim$}{}{}
\capcs dimen {the specified dimension register}*{}
\capcs dimendef {define a specified control sequence to be a number
   corresponding to a |\\dimen| register}*{}
\capcs discretionary {specify three texts, the first two for before and
   after a line break, the third for no line break}*{}
\capcs displayindent {\TeX\ sets this to the indentation of a display}*{}
\capcs displaylimits {place limits above and below operators only in display
   styles}*{}
\capcs displaylines {produce specified multiline display with each 
   line centered}{}{}
\capcs displaystyle {use displaystyle size in a formula}*{}
\capcs displaywidowpenalty {penalty for a single line beginning a page 
   just before a display, by default~50}*{}
\capcs displaywidth {\TeX\ sets this to the width of a display}*{}
\capcs div {division operator: $\div$}{}{}
\capcs divide {divide a specified |\\count| register by a specified integer}*{}
\capcs dot {dot accent for math, as in $\dot x$}{}{}
\capcs doteq {dotted equality relation: $\doteq$}{}{}
\capcs dotfill {fill enclosing horizontal space with dots}{}{}
\capcs dots {ellipsis for sequences: $x_1$, \dots, $x_n$}{}{}
\capcs doublehyphendemerits {demerits for two consecutive lines ending
   with hyphens, by default~10000}*{}
\capcs downarrow {relation: $\downarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Downarrow {relation: $\Downarrow$}{}{}
\capcs downbracefill {fill enclosing hbox with a downwards facing brace:
   \hbox to 3.5em{\downbracefill}}{}{}
\capcs dp {the depth of the box in a specified box register}*{}
\capcs dump {end the job and produce a format file}*{}
\capcs edef {define a control sequence to be a macro, immediately expanding the
   replacement text}*{}
\capcs egroup {implicit end-of-group character}{}{}
\capcs eject {end current paragraph and force a page break,
   stretching out current page}{}{}
\capcs ell {script letter for math: $\ell$}{}{}
\capcs else {false or default case alternative for a conditional}*{\@else}
\capcs emergencystretch {additional stretch added to every line if
   |\\tol\-er\-ance| is not satisfied}*{}
\capcs empty {macro that expands to nothing}{}{}
\capcs emptyset {empty set symbol: $\emptyset$}{}{}
\capcs end {|\\output| the last page and end the job}*{}
\capcs endcsname {end a control sequence name started by
   |\\csname|}*{}
\capcs endgraf {equivalent to the |\\par| primitive}{}{}
\capcs endgroup {end a group started by |\\begingroup|}*{}
\capcs endinput {terminate input from the current file}*{}
\capcs endinsert {end insertion}{}{}
\capcs endline {equivalent to the |\\cr| primitive}{}{}
\capcs endlinechar {character \TeX\ inserts at the end of each input
   line, by default |\twocarets M|}*{}
\capcs enskip {horizontal glue with width \frac1/2\em}{}{}
\capcs enspace {kern \frac1/2\em}{}{}
\capcs epsilon {math Greek letter $\epsilon$}{}{}
\capcs eqalign {produce specified multiline display whose indicated parts
   are vertically aligned}{}{}
\capcs eqalignno {produce specified multiline display
   with equation numbers whose indicated parts are vertically aligned}{}{}
\capcs eqno {put a specified equation number on the right of a display}*{}
\capcs equiv {equivalence relation: $\equiv$}{}{}
\capcs errhelp {token list whose expansion \TeX\ displays when the user asks 
   for help in response to an |\\errmessage|}*{}
\capcs errmessage {give specified error message}*{}
\capcs errorcontextlines {the number of lines of context \TeX\
   displays at an error, by default~5}*{}
\capcs errorstopmode {stop for interaction at error messages}*{}
\capcs escapechar {character with which \TeX\ precedes control sequence
   names that are displayed}*{}
\capcs eta {math Greek letter $\eta$}{}{}
\capcs everycr {token list \TeX\ expands after a |\\cr|, or a |\\crcr|
   not following |\\cr| or |\\noalign|}*{}
\capcs everydisplay {token list \TeX\ expands when a math display begins}*{}
\capcs everyhbox {token list \TeX\ expands when an hbox begins}*{}
\capcs everyjob {token list \TeX\ expands when a job begins}*{}
\capcs everymath {token list \TeX\ expands when text math mode
   begins}*{}
\capcs everypar {token list \TeX\ expands when a paragraph begins}*{}
\capcs everyvbox {token list \TeX\ expands when a vbox begins }*{}
\capcs exhyphenpenalty {additional penalty for a line break after 
   an explicit hyphen, by default~50}*{}
\capcs exists {``there exists'' symbol: $\exists$}{}{}
\capcs exp {exponential function: $\exp$}{}{}
\capcs expandafter {expand the next token only after expanding the token
   following it}*{}
\capcs fam {font family \TeX\ uses for characters with class seven
   (i.e., variables) in math}*{}
\capcs fi {end a conditional}*{\@fi}
\capcs filbreak {force a page break unless the text up to another |\\filbreak|
   also  fits on the page}{}{}
\capcs finalhyphendemerits {penalty for the second to last line breaking at a
   hyphen, by default~5000}*{}
\capcs firstmark {first mark item on the page just boxed}*{}
\capcs fivebf {use $5$-point bold font, |cmbx5|}{}{}
\capcs fivei {use $5$-point math italic font, |cmmi5|}{}{}
\capcs fiverm {use $5$-point roman font, |cmr5|}{}{}
\capcs fivesy {use $5$-point symbol font, |cmsy5|}{}{}
\capcs flat {flat symbol for music: $\flat$}{}{}
\capcs floatingpenalty {penalty for insertions that are split across
   pages, by default~0}*{}
\capcs fmtname {name of the current format}{}{}
\capcs fmtversion {version number of the current format}{}{}
\capcs folio {produce |\\pageno| as characters; 
   in roman numerals if it's negative}{}{}
\capcs font {define a specified control sequence to select a font}*{}
\capcs fontdimen {a specified parameter of a specified font}*{}
\capcs fontname {produce the filename of a specified font as characters}*{}
\capcs footline {token list that produces line at the bottom of each page}{}{}
\capcs footnote {produce a specified footnote 
   with a specified reference mark}{}{}
\capcs forall {``for all'' symbol: $\forall$}{}{}
\capcs frenchspacing {make interword spacing independent of punctuation}{}{}
\capcs frown {frown relation: $\frown$}{}{}
\capcs futurelet {assign the third following token to a specified control
   sequence, then expand the second following token}*{}
\capcs gamma {math Greek letter $\gamma$}{}{}
\capcs Gamma {math Greek letter $\Gamma$}{}{}
\capcs gcd {greatest common denominator function: $\gcd$}{}{}
\capcs gdef {equivalent to |\\global\\def|, i.e., globally define a macro}*{}
\capcs ge {greater than or equal relation: $\ge$}{}{}
\capcs geq {equivalent to |\\ge|}{}{}
\capcs gets {gets relation: $\gets$}{}{}
\capcs gg {much greater than relation: $\gg$}{}{}
\capcs global {make the following definition global}*{}
\capcs globaldefs {overrides |\\global| prefixes on assignments}*{}
\capcs goodbreak {indicate desirable page break with |\\penalty-500|}{}{}
\capcs grave {grave accent for math, as in $\grave x$}{}{}
\capcs H {Hungarian umlaut accent for text, as in \H o}{}{}
\capcs halign {align text in columns}*{}
\capcs hang {indent the current paragraph by |\\parindent|}{}{}
\capcs hangafter {starting line number for hanging indentation}*{}
\capcs hangindent {space for hanging indentation}*{}
\capcs hat {hat accent for math, as in $\hat x$}{}{}
\capcs hbadness {badness threshold for reporting underfull or overfull
   hboxes, by default 1000}*{}
\capcs hbar {math symbol: $\hbar$}{}{}
\capcs hbox {produce a specified hbox}*{}
\capcs headline {token list that produces the line at the
   top of every page}{}{}
\capcs heartsuit {heart suit symbol: $\heartsuit$}{}{}
\capcs hfil {produce infinitely stretchable horizontal glue}*{}
\capcs hfill {produce horizontal glue even more infinitely stretchable
   than that produced by |\\hfil|}*{}
\capcs hfilneg {produce infinitely negative stretchable horizontal glue}*{}
\capcs hfuzz {space threshold for reporting overfull hboxes, by default 
   0.1\pt}*{}
\capcs hglue {produce horizontal glue that doesn't disappear at line 
   breaks}{}{}
\capcs hidewidth {ignore width of an entry in an alignment, so that it
   extends out from its box in the direction of the |\\hidewidth|}{}{}
\capcs hoffset {page offset relative to one inch from the paper's left edge}*{}
\capcs holdinginserts {if positive, do not remove insertions from the
   current page}*{}
\capcs hom {homology function: $\hom$}{}{}
\capcs hookleftarrow {relation: $\hookleftarrow$}{}{}
\capcs hookrightarrow {relation: $\hookrightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs hphantom {produce an invisible formula with zero height and depth but
   natural width}{}{}
\capcs hrule {produce a horizontal rule; legal only in vertical modes}*{}
\capcs hrulefill {fill enclosing space with a horizontal rule}{}{}
\capcs hsize {line length, by default 6.5\thinspace in}*{}
\capcs hskip {produce specified horizontal glue}*{}
\capcs hss {produce horizontal glue that is infinitely stretchable and 
   infinitely shrinkable}*{}
\capcs ht {the height of the box in a specified box register}*{}
\capcs hyphenation {add specified words to the
   hyphenation exception dictionary}*{}
\capcs hyphenchar {the hyphenation character in a specified font}*{}
\capcs hyphenpenalty {additional penalty for a line break at a hyphen, by
  default~50}*{}
\capcs i {dotless letter `\i' for use with accents}{}{}
\capcs ialign {start an |\\halign| with the |\\tabskip| glue zero and
   |\\everycr| empty}{}{}
\capcs if {test if two specified tokens have the same character code}*{\@if}
\capcs ifcase {expand case $n$ for specified value $n$}*{\@ifcase}
\capcs ifcat {test if two specified tokens have the same category 
   code}*{\@ifcat}
\capcs ifdim {test for a specified relationship between two specified
   dimensions}*{\@ifdim}
\capcs ifeof {test for being at the end of a specified file}*{\@ifeof}
\capcs iff {if and only if relation: $\iff$}{}{}
\capcs iffalse {test that is always false}*{\@iffalse}
\capcs ifhbox {test if a specified box register contains an hbox}*{\@ifhbox}
\capcs ifhmode {test if \TeX\ is in a horizontal mode}*{\@ifhmode}
\capcs ifinner {test if \TeX\ is in an internal mode}*{\@ifinner}
\capcs ifmmode {test if \TeX\ is in a math mode}*{\@ifmmode}
\capcs ifnum {test for a specified relationship
   between two specified numbers}*{\@ifnum}
\capcs ifodd {test if a specified number is odd}*{\@ifodd}
\capcs iftrue {test that is always true}*{\@iftrue}
\capcs ifvbox {test if a specified box register contains a vbox}*{\@ifvbox}
\capcs ifvmode {test if \TeX\ is in a vertical mode}*{\@ifvmode}
\capcs ifvoid {test if a specified box register is void}*{\@ifvoid}
\capcs ifx {test if two tokens are the same, or if
   two macros have the same top-level definition}*{\@ifx}
\capcs ignorespaces {ignore any following space tokens}*{}
\capcs Im {complex imaginary part symbol: $\Im$}{}{}
\capcs imath {dotless letter `$\imath$' for use with math accents}{}{}
\capcs immediate {perform the specified file operation without delay}*{}
\capcs in {containment relation: $\in$}{}{}
\capcs indent {produce an empty box of width |\\parindent| and enter
   horizontal mode}*{}
\capcs inf {inferior function: $\inf$}{}{}
\capcs infty {infinity symbol: $\infty$}{}{}
\capcs input {begin to read from a specified file}*{}
\capcs inputlineno {the current line number of the current input file}*{}
\capcs insert {produce an insertion of a specified class}*{}
\capcs insertpenalties {sum of penalties due to insertions}*{}
\capcs int {integral symbol: $\int$}{}{}
\capcs interlinepenalty {additional penalty for a page break
   between lines of a paragraph, by default~0}*{}
\capcs iota {math Greek letter $\iota$}{}{}
\capcs it {use italics, i.e., do |\\tenit\\fam=\\itfam|}{}{}
\capcs item {begin a paragraph with hanging indentation of |\\parindent| 
   and preceded by a specified label}{}{}
\capcs itemitem {like |\\item|, but with indentation of |2\\parindent|}{}{}
\capcs itfam {italic family for math}{}{}
\capcs j {dotless letter `\j', for use with accents}{}{}
\capcs jmath {dotless letter `$\jmath$' for use with math accents}{}{}
\capcs jobname {base name of the file with which \TeX\ was invoked}*{}
\capcs jot {unit of measure for opening up displays}{}{}
\capcs kappa {math Greek letter $\kappa$}{}{}
\capcs ker {kernel function: $\ker$}{}{}
\capcs kern {produce a specified amount of space at which
   a break is not allowed}*{}
\capcs l {Polish letter: \l}{}{}
\capcs L {Polish letter: \L}{}{}
\capcs lambda {math Greek letter $\lambda$}{}{}
\capcs Lambda {math Greek letter $\Lambda$}{}{}
\capcs land {logical ``and'' operator: $\land$}{}{}
\capcs langle {left angle delimiter: $\langle$}{}{}
\capcs language {the current set of hyphenation patterns}*{}
\capcs lastbox {retrieve and remove the last item from the current list, if
   it's a box}*{}
\capcs lastkern {retrieve the last item from the current list, if it's a
   kern}*{}
\capcs lastpenalty {retrieve the last item from the current list, if it's a
   penalty}*{}
\capcs lastskip {retrieve the last item from the current list, if it's
   glue}*{}
\capcs lbrace {left brace delimiter: $\lbrace$}{}{}
\capcs lbrack {left bracket delimiter: $\lbrack$}{}{}
\capcs lccode {the character code for the lowercase form of a letter}*{}
\capcs lceil {left ceiling delimiter: $\lceil$}{}{}
\capcs ldotp {dot on baseline as punctuation: $\ldotp$}{}{}
\capcs ldots {dots on baseline for math: $\ldots$}{}{}
\capcs le {less than or equal relation: $\le$}{}{}
\capcs leaders {fill a specified horizontal or vertical space by repeating a
   specified box or rule}*{}
\capcs left {produce the specified delimiter, sizing it to cover the
   following subformula ended by |\\right|}*{}
\capcs leftarrow {relation: $\leftarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Leftarrow {relation: $\Leftarrow$}{}{}
\capcs leftarrowfill {fill enclosing hbox with a |\\leftarrow|:
   \hbox to 3.5em{\leftarrowfill}}{}{}
\capcs leftharpoondown {relation: $\leftharpoondown$}{}{}
\capcs leftharpoonup {relation: $\leftharpoonup$}{}{}
\capcs lefthyphenmin {size of the smallest word fragment \TeX\ allows
   before a hyphen at the beginning of a word, by default~2}*{}
\capcs leftline {produce line with its text pushed to left margin}{}{}
\capcs leftrightarrow {relation: $\leftrightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Leftrightarrow {relation: $\Leftrightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs leftskip {glue \TeX\ inserts at the left of each line}*{}
\capcs leq {equivalent to |\\le|}{}{}
\capcs leqalignno {produce specified multiline display with equation numbers
   on the left whose indicated parts are vertically aligned}{}{}
\capcs leqno {put a specified equation number on the left of a display}*{}
\capcs let {define a control sequence to be the next token}*{}
\capcs lfloor {left floor delimiter: $\lfloor$}{}{}
\capcs lg {logarithm function: $\lg$}{}{}
\capcs lgroup {left group delimiter (the smallest size is shown here):
   $\Big\lgroup$}{}{}
\capcs lim {limit function: $\lim$}{}{}
\capcs liminf {inferior limit function: $\liminf$}{}{}
\capcs limits {place superscript above and subscript below a
   large operator}*{}
\capcs limsup {superior limit function: $\limsup$}{}{}
\capcs line {produce a justified line of type}{}{}
\capcs linepenalty {penalty for line breaking added to each line, 
   by default~10}*{}
\capcs lineskip {vertical glue from one baseline to the next if the
   lines are closer together than |\\lineskiplimit|, by default 1\pt}*{}
\capcs lineskiplimit {threshold for using |\\lineskip| instead of
   |\\base\-line\-skip|, by default 0\pt}*{}
\capcs ll {much less than relation: $\ll$}{}{}
\capcs llap {produce text (with no width) extending to the left
   of the current position}{}{}
\capcs lmoustache {top half of a large brace: $\big\lmoustache$}{}{}
\capcs ln {natural logarithm function: $\ln$}{}{}
\capcs lnot {logical ``not'' symbol: $\lnot$}{}{}
\capcs log {logarithm function: $\log$}{}{}
\capcs long {allow |\\par| tokens in the argument(s) of
   the following definition}*{}
\capcs longleftarrow {relation: $\longleftarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Longleftarrow {relation: $\Longleftarrow$}{}{}
\capcs longleftrightarrow {relation: $\longleftrightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Longleftrightarrow {relation: $\Longleftrightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs longmapsto {relation: $\longmapsto$}{}{}
\capcs longrightarrow {relation: $\longrightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Longrightarrow {relation: $\Longrightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs loop {start a loop to be ended by |\\repeat|}{}{}
\capcs looseness {difference between the number of lines you want a
   paragraph to be relative to the optimal number}*{}
\capcs lor {logical ``or'' operator: $\lor$}{}{}
\capcs lower {lower a specified box by a specified amount}*{}
\capcs lowercase {convert uppercase letters in the specified text
   to lowercase}*{}
\capcs lq {left quote character for text: \lq}{}{}
\capcs mag {$1000$ times the ratio for enlarging all dimensions}*{}
\capcs magnification {like |\\mag|, but don't enlarge the page size}{}{}
\capcs magstep {$1000 \cdot 1.2^n$ for a specified $n$}{}{}
\capcs magstephalf {$1000\cdot\sqrt{1.2}$}{}{}
\capcs mapsto {relation: $\mapsto$}{}{}
\capcs mark {produce a mark item with a specified text}*{}
\capcs mathaccent {put specified math accent over the next character}*{}
\capcs mathbin {space a specified subformula as a binary operator}*{}
\capcs mathchar {produce the math character with the specified mathcode}*{}
\capcs mathchardef {define a specified control sequence to be a mathcode,
   a number between 0 and $2^{15}-1$}*{}
\capcs mathchoice {select one of four specified math subformulas
   depending on the current style}*{}
\capcs mathclose {space a specified subformula as a closing delimiter}*{}
\capcs mathcode {the mathcode of a specified character}*{}
\capcs mathinner {space a specified subformula as an inner formula, e.g., a
   fraction}*{}
\capcs mathop {space a specified subformula as a large math operator}*{}
\capcs mathopen {space a specified subformula as an opening delimiter}*{}
\capcs mathord {space a specified subformula as an ordinary character}*{}
\capcs mathpalette {produce a |\\mathchoice| which expands a specified 
   control sequence depending on the current style}{}{}
\capcs mathpunct {space a specified subformula as punctuation}*{}
\capcs mathrel {space a specified subformula as a relation}*{}
\capcs mathstrut {produce an invisible box with the height and depth of a
   left parenthesis and no width}{}{}
\capcs mathsurround {space \TeX\ kerns before and after math in text}*{}
\capcs matrix {produce a specified matrix}{}{}
\capcs max {maximum function: $\max$}{}{}
\capcs maxdeadcycles {value of |\\deadcycles| at which \TeX\ complains,
   and then uses its own output routine, by default~25}*{}
\capcs maxdepth {maximum depth of the bottom box on a page,
   by default 4\pt}*{}
\capcs maxdimen {largest dimension acceptable to \TeX}{}{}
\capcs meaning {produce the human-understandable meaning of a specified
   token as characters}*{}
\capcs medbreak {indicate desirable page
   break with |\\penalty-100| and produce |\\medskipamount| glue}{}{}
\capcs medmuskip {glue for a medium math space, by default 4\mud\ plus 2\mud\
   minus 4\mud}*{}
\capcs medskip {produce |\\medskipamount| glue}{}{}
\capcs medskipamount {glue for a medium vertical skip, by default 6\pt
   plus 2\pt\ minus 2\pt}{}{}
\capcs message {show expansion of the specified text on the terminal}*{}
\capcs mid {middle relation: $\mid$}{}{}
\capcs midinsert {produce the specified text at the current position if
   possible, otherwise at the top of the next page}{}{}
\capcs min {minimum function: $\min$}{}{}
\capcs mit {use math italics, i.e., do |\\fam=1|}{}{}
\capcs mkern {produce a specified kern in units of |mu| for math}*{}
\capcs models {models relation: $\models$}{}{}
\capcs month {current month, as a number}*{}
\capcs moveleft {move a specified box left by a specified space; legal
   only in vertical modes}*{}
\capcs moveright {move a specified box right by a specified space; legal
   only in vertical modes}*{}
\capcs mp {minus and plus operator: $\mp$}{}{}
\capcs mskip {produce specified glue in units of |mu| for math}*{}
\capcs mu {math Greek letter $\mu$}{}{}
\capcs multiply {multiply a specified |\\count| register by a specified
   integer}*{}
\capcs multispan {make next alignment entry span a specified number of
   columns (or rows)}{}{}
\capcs muskip {the specified muglue register}*{}
\capcs muskipdef {define a specified control sequence to be a number
   corresponding to a |\\muskip| register}*{}
\capcs nabla {backwards difference symbol: $\nabla$}{}{}
\capcs narrower {make both left and right margins narrower by
   |\\parindent|}{}{}
\capcs natural {natural symbol for music: $\natural$}{}{}
\capcs nearrow {northeast arrow relation: $\nearrow$}{}{}
\capcs ne {not equal relation: $\ne$}{}{}
\capcs neg {logical ``not'' symbol: $\neg$}{}{}
\capcs negthinspace {kern $-\frac1/6$\em}{}{}
\capcs neq {not equal relation: $\neq$}{}{}
\capcs newbox {reserve and name a |\\box| register}{}{\@newbox}
\capcs newcount {reserve and name a |\\count| register}{}{\@newcount}
\capcs newdimen {reserve and name a |\\dimen| register}{}{\@newdimen}
\capcs newfam {reserve and name a math family}{}{\@newfam}
\capcs newhelp {name a specified help message}{}{\@newhelp}
\capcs newif {define a new conditional with the specified name}{}{\@newif}
\capcs newinsert {name an insertion class, and reserve a
   corresponding |\\box|, |\\count|, |\\dimen|, and |\\skip| registers}
   {}{\@newinsert}
\capcs newlanguage {reserve and name a |\\language|}{}{\@newlanguage}
\capcs newlinechar {end-of-line character for |\\write|, etc.}*{}
\capcs newmuskip {reserve and name a |\\muskip| register}{}{\@newmuskip}
\capcs newread {reserve and name an input stream}{}{\@newread}
\capcs newskip {reserve and name a |\\skip| register}{}{\@newskip}
\capcs newtoks {reserve and name a |\\toks| register}{}{\@newtoks}
\capcs newwrite {reserve and name an output stream}{}{\@newwrite}
\capcs ni {``reverse in'' relation: $\ni$}{}{}
\capcs noalign {insert material between rows (or columns) of an
   alignment}*{}
\capcs noboundary {inhibit ligatures or kerns involving the current font's
   |boundarychar|}*{}
\capcstwo nobreak {do |\\penalty10000|, i.e.,
   inhibit a line or page break}{}{hnobreak:vnobreak}
\capcs noexpand {suppress expansion of the next token}*{}
\capcs noindent {enter horizontal mode without indenting the paragraph}*{}
\capcs nointerlineskip {inhibit interline glue before the next line}{}{}
\capcs nolimits {place superscript and subscript after large operators}*{}
\capcs nonfrenchspacing {make interword spacing depend on punctuation}{}{}
\capcs nonscript {inhibit any following glue or kern when
   in script and scriptscript styles}*{}
\capcs nonstopmode {don't stop at errors, even those about missing files}*{}
\capcs nopagenumbers {inhibit printing of page numbers, i.e., do
   |\\footline = {\\hfil}|}{}{}
\capcs normalbaselines {set |\\baselineskip|, |\\line\-skip|, and
   |\\line\-skip\-limit| to the normal values for the current type size}{}{}
\capcs normalbaselineskip {value of |\\baselineskip| for the
   current type size}{}{}
\capcs normalbottom {make the bottom margin be the same from page to page}{}{}
\capcs normallineskip {value of |\\lineskip| for the current type
   size}{}{}
\capcs normallineskiplimit {value of |\\lineskiplimit| for the
   current type size}{}{}
\capcs not {a slash with zero width for constructing negations of math
   relations, as in $\not=$}{}{}
\capcs notin {noninclusion relation: $\notin$}{}{}
\capcs nu {math Greek letter $\nu$}{}{}
\capcs null {expands to an empty hbox}{}{}
\capcs nulldelimiterspace {space produced by a null delimiter, by 
   default 1.2\pt}*{}
\capcs nullfont {primitive font with no characters in it}*{}
\capcs number {produce a specified number as characters}*{}
\capcs nwarrow {northwest arrow relation: $\nwarrow$}{}{}
\capcs o {Danish letter: \o}{}{}
\capcs O {Danish letter: \O}{}{}
\capcs obeylines {make each end-of-line in the input file 
   equivalent to |\\par|}{}{}
\capcs obeyspaces {produce space in the output for each space character in the
   input}{}{}
\capcs odot {centered dot operation: $\odot$}{}{}
\capcs oe {\oe\ ligature}{}{}
\capcs OE {\OE\ ligature}{}{}
\capcs offinterlineskip {inhibit interline glue from now on}{}{}
\capcs oint {contour integral operator: $\oint$}{}{}
\capcs oldstyle {use old style digits: {\oldstyle1234567890}}{}{}
\capcs omega {math Greek letter $\omega$}{}{}
\capcs Omega {math Greek letter $\Omega$}{}{}
\capcs ominus {circled minus operator: $\ominus$}{}{}
\capcs omit {skip a column's (or row's) template in an alignment}*{}
\capcs openin {prepare a specified input stream to read from a file}*{}
\capcs openout {prepare a specified output stream to write to a file}*{}
\capcs openup {increase |\\baselineskip|, |\\lineskip|, and
   |\\lineskiplimit| by a specified amount}{}{}
\capcs oplus {circled plus operator: $\oplus$}{}{}
\capcs or {separate the cases of an |\\ifcase|}*{\@or}
\capcs oslash {circled slash operator: $\oslash$}{}{}
\capcs otimes {circled times operator: $\otimes$}{}{}
\capcs outer {make the following macro definition illegal in contexts in
   which tokens are absorbed at high speed}*{}
\capcs output {token list \TeX\ expands when it finds a page break}*{}
\capcs outputpenalty {if the page break occurred at a penalty, the value
   of that penalty; otherwise zero}*{}
\capcs over {produce a fraction with a bar of default thickness}*{}
\capcs overbrace {produce a brace covering the top of a formula,
   as in $\overbrace{h+w}{}$}{}{}
\capcs overfullrule {width of the rule appended to an overfull box}*{}
\capcs overleftarrow {produce a left arrow covering the top of
   a formula, as in $\overleftarrow{r+a}$}{}{}
\capcs overline {produce a line covering the top of a formula,
   as in $\overline{2b}$}*{}
\capcs overrightarrow {produce a right arrow covering the top of a 
   formula, as in $\overrightarrow{i+t}$}{}{}
\capcs overwithdelims {produce a fraction with a bar of the default thickness 
   and surrounded by specified delimiters}*{}
\capcs owns {owns relation: $\owns$}{}{}
\capcs P {paragraph character for text: \P}{}{}
\capcs pagedepth {\TeX\ sets this to the current depth of the current
   page}*{}
\capcs pagefilllstretch {\TeX\ sets this to the amount of |filll| stretch on
   the current page}*{}
\capcs pagefillstretch {\TeX\ sets this to the amount of |fill| stretch on 
   the current page}*{}
\capcs pagefilstretch {\TeX\ sets this to the amount of |fil| stretch on the
   current page}*{}
\capcs pagegoal {\TeX\ sets this to the desired height for the current page
   (i.e., |\\vsize| when the first box is put on the page)}*{}
\capcs pageinsert {produce the specified text on the following page, and use up
    the full page}{}{}
\capcs pageno {the register |\\count0|, which contains the
   (possibly negative) page number}{}{}
\capcs pageshrink {\TeX\ sets this to the total amount of shrinkability
   on the current page}*{}
\capcs pagestretch {\TeX\ sets this to the total amount of stretchability
   on the current page}*{}
\capcs pagetotal {\TeX\ sets this to the natural height of the current
   page}*{}
\capcs par {finish paragraph and terminate horizontal mode}*{\@par}
\capcs parallel {parallel relation: $\parallel$}{}{}
\capcs parfillskip {horizontal glue \TeX\ inserts at the end of a
   paragraph}*{}
\capcs parindent {horizontal space \TeX\ inserts at the start of a
   paragraph}*{}
\capcs parshape {specify the width and length of each line 
   in the next paragraph}*{}
\capcs parskip {vertical glue \TeX\ inserts before a paragraph}*{}
\capcs partial {partial derivative symbol: $\partial$}{}{}
\capcs pausing {if positive, stop after reading each line of input for a
   possible replacement}*{}
\capcstwo penalty {produce penalty (or bonus, if negative) for breaking
   line or page here}*{hpenalty:vpenalty}
\capcs perp {perpendicular relation: $\perp$}{}{}
\capcs phantom {produce an invisible formula with the 
   dimensions of a specified subformula}{}{}
\capcs phi {math Greek letter $\phi$}{}{}
\capcs Phi {math Greek letter $\Phi$}{}{}
\capcs pi {math Greek letter $\pi$}{}{}
\capcs Pi {math Greek letter $\Pi$}{}{}
\capcs plainoutput {\plainTeX's |\\output| routine}{}{}
\capcs pm {plus and minus operator: $\pm$}{}{}
\capcs pmatrix {produce a parenthesized matrix}{}{}
\capcs pmod {parenthesized modulus notation to put at the end of a formula, as
   in $x \equiv y+1 \pmod 2$}{}{}
\capcs postdisplaypenalty {additional penalty for a line break
   just after a display, by default~0}*{}
\capcs Pr {probability function: $\Pr$}{}{}
\capcs prec {precedes relation: $\prec$}{}{}
\capcs preceq {precedes or equals relation: $\preceq$}{}{}
\capcs predisplaypenalty {additional penalty for a line break just 
   before a display, by default~0}*{}
\capcs predisplaysize {\TeX\ sets this to the width of the
   line preceding a display}*{}
\capcs pretolerance {badness tolerance for line breaks without
   hyphenation, by default~100}*{}
\capcs prevdepth {depth of the last nonrule box on the
   current vertical list}*{}
\capcs prevgraf {\TeX\ sets this to the number
   of lines in the paragraph so far (in horizontal mode)
   or in the previous paragraph (in vertical mode)}*{}
\capcs prime {prime math symbol, as in $r^\prime$}{}{}
\capcs proclaim {begin a theorem, lemma, hypothesis, $\ldots$}{}{\@proclaim}
\capcs prod {large product operator: $\prod$}{}{}
\capcs propto {proportional to relation: $\propto$}{}{}
\capcs psi {math Greek letter $\psi$}{}{}
\capcs Psi {math Greek letter $\Psi$}{}{}
\capcs qquad {produce horizontal glue with width 2\em}{}{}
\capcs quad {produce horizontal glue with width 1\em}{}{}
\capcs radical {produce a specified radical symbol}*{}
\capcs raggedbottom {allow the bottom margin to vary from page to page}{}{}
\capcs raggedright {allow the right margin to vary from line to line}{}{}
\capcs raise {raise a specified box by a specified amount}*{}
\capcs rangle {right angle delimiter: $\rangle$}{}{}
\capcs rbrace {right brace delimiter: $\rbrace$}{}{}
\capcs rbrack {right bracket delimiter: $\rbrack$}{}{}
\capcs rceil {right ceiling delimiter: $\rceil$}{}{}
\capcs Re {complex real part symbol: $\Re$}{}{}
\capcs read {read a line from a specified input stream}*{}
\capcs relax {do nothing}*{}
\capcs relpenalty {additional penalty for breaking after a relation,
   by default~500}*{}
\capcs repeat {end a loop started with |\\loop|}{}{\@repeat}
\capcs rfloor {right floor delimiter: $\rfloor$}{}{}
\capcs rgroup {right group delimiter (the smallest size is shown here):
   $\Big\rgroup$}{}{}
\capcs rho {math Greek letter $\rho$}{}{}
\capcs right {produce the specified delimiter at the right end of a
   subformula started with |\\left|}*{}
\capcs rightarrow {relation: $\rightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Rightarrow {relation: $\Rightarrow$}{}{}
\capcs rightarrowfill {fill enclosing hbox with a |\\rightarrow|:
   \hbox to 3.5em{\rightarrowfill}}{}{}
\capcs rightharpoondown {relation: $\rightharpoondown$}{}{}
\capcs rightharpoonup {relation: $\rightharpoonup$}{}{}
\capcs rightleftharpoons {relation: $\rightleftharpoons$}{}{}
\capcs rightline {produce line with its text pushed to right margin}{}{}
\capcs rightskip {glue \TeX\ inserts at the right of each line}*{}
\capcs righthyphenmin {size of the smallest word fragment \TeX\ allows
   after a hyphen at the end of a word, by default~3}*{}
\capcs rlap {produce text (with no width) extending to the right
   of the current position}{}{}
\capcs rm {use roman type, i.e., do |\\tenrm\\fam=0|}{}{}
\capcs rmoustache {bottom half of a large brace: $\big\rmoustache$}{}{}
\capcs romannumeral {produce the lowercase roman numeral representation of a
   specified number as characters}{}{}
\capcs root {produce a specified root of a specified subformula, as in
   $\root 3 \of 2$}{}{}
\capcs rq {right quote character for text: \rq}{}{}
\capcs S {section character for text: \S}{}{}
\capcs sb {implicit subscript character}{}{}
\capcs scriptfont {the script style font in a specified math family}*{}
\capcs scriptscriptfont {the scriptscript style font in a specified 
   math family}*{}
\capcs scriptscriptstyle {use scriptscriptstyle size in a formula}*{}
\capcs scriptspace {additional space \TeX\ kerns after a subscript or
   superscript, by default 0.5\pt}*{}
\capcs scriptstyle {use scriptstyle size in a formula}*{}
\capcs scrollmode {don't stop at most errors, but do stop at errors
   about missing files}*{}
\capcs searrow {southeast arrow relation: $\searrow$}{}{}
\capcs sec {secant function: $\sec$}{}{}
\capcs setbox {define a specified box register to be a box}*{}
\capcs setlanguage {change to a specified set of hyphenation rules, but
   don't change |\\language|}{*}{}
\capcs setminus {set difference operator: $\setminus$}{}{}
\capcs settabs {define the tabs for a tabbing alignment}{}{}
\capcs sevenbf {use $7$-point bold font, |cmbx7|}{}{}
\capcs seveni {use $7$-point math italic font, |cmmi5|}{}{}
\capcs sevenrm {use $7$-point roman font, |cmr7|}{}{}
\capcs sevensy {use $7$-point symbol font, |cmsy7|}{}{}
\capcs sfcode {the space factor code of a specified character}*{}
\capcs sharp {sharp symbol for music: $\sharp$}{}{}
\capcs shipout {output a box to the |.dvi| file}*{}
\capcs show {show, in the log and 
   on the terminal, the meaning of a specified token}*{}
\capcs showbox {display the contents of a specified box register}*{}
\capcs showboxbreadth {maximum number of items shown on each nesting
   level, by default~5}*{}
\capcs showboxdepth {maximum nesting level shown, by default~3}*{}
\capcs showhyphens {show, in the log
   and on the terminal, hyphenations in the specified text}{}{}
\capcs showlists {display all lists being worked on}*{}
\capcs showthe {show, in the log 
   and on the terminal, what |\\the| would produce}*{}
\capcs sigma {math Greek letter $\sigma$}{}{}
\capcs Sigma {math Greek letter $\Sigma$}{}{}
\capcs sim {similarity relation: $\sim$}{}{}
\capcs simeq {similar or equal relation: $\simeq$}{}{}
\capcs sin {sine function: $\sin$}{}{}
\capcs sinh {hyperbolic sine function: $\sinh$}{}{}
\capcs skew {shift a specified accent by a specified amount
   on a specified accented character}{}{}
\capcs skewchar {character in a specified font used for positioning accents}*{}
\capcs skip {the specified glue register}*{}
\capcs skipdef {define a specified control sequence to be a number
   corresponding to a |\\skip| register}*{}
\capcs sl {use slanted type, i.e., do |\\tensl\\fam=\\slfam|}{}{}
\capcs slash {\slash\ character that allows a line break}{}{}
\capcs slfam {slanted family for math}{}{}
\capcs smallbreak {indicate somewhat desirable page break
   with |\\penalty-50| and produce |\\smallskipamount| glue}{}{}
\capcs smallint {small integral symbol: $\smallint$}{}{}
\capcs smallskip {produce |\\smallskipamount| glue}{}{}
\capcs smallskipamount {glue for a small vertical skip, by default 3\pt\
   plus 1\pt\ minus 1\pt}{}{}
\capcs smash {produce formula with zero height and depth}{}{}
\capcs smile {smile relation: $\smile$}{}{}
\capcs sp {implicit superscript character}{}{}
\capcs space {produce normal interword glue}{}{}
\capcs spacefactor {modifies stretch and shrink of interword glue 
   if not 1000}*{}
\capcs spaceskip {if nonzero and |\\spacefactor|${}&lt;2000$, overrides
    the normal interword glue}*{}
\capcs spadesuit {spade suit symbol: $\spadesuit$}{}{}
\capcs span {either combine entries in an alignment body or expand tokens in a
   preamble}*{}
\capcs special {write tokens to the |.dvi| file to be interpreted by a
   DVI-reading program}*{}
\capcs splitbotmark {last mark item in a box resulting from |\\vsplit|}*{}
\capcs splitfirstmark {first mark item in a box resulting from
   |\\vsplit|}*{}
\capcs splitmaxdepth {maximum depth of a box resulting from |\\vsplit|}*{}
\capcs splittopskip {glue \TeX\ inserts at the top of a box resulting from 
   |\\vsplit|}*{}
\capcs sqcap {square cap operator: $\sqcap$}{}{}
\capcs sqcup {square cup operator: $\sqcup$}{}{}
\capcs sqrt {produce square root of a subformula, as in $\sqrt 2$}{}{}
\capcs sqsubseteq {square subset or equal relation: $\sqsubseteq$}{}{}
\capcs sqsupseteq {square superset or equal relation: $\sqsupseteq$}{}{}
\capcs ss {German letter: \ss}{}{}
\capcs star {star operator: $\star$}{}{}
\capcs string {produce a specified token, most commonly a control
   sequence, as characters}*{}
\capcs strut {box with zero width, but height and depth of a standard
   line, from baseline to baseline, in the current font}{}{}
\capcs subset {subset relation: $\subset$}{}{}
\capcs subseteq {subset or equal relation: $\subseteq$}{}{}
\capcs succ {successor relation: $\succ$}{}{}
\capcs succeq {successor or equal relation: $\succeq$}{}{}
\capcs sum {large summation operator: $\sum$}{}{}
\capcs sup {superior function: $\sup$}{}{}
\capcs supereject {force a page break, and output all insertions}{}{}
\capcs supset {superset relation: $\supset$}{}{}
\capcs supseteq {superset or equal relation: $\supseteq$}{}{}
\capcs surd {surd symbol: $\surd$}{}{}
\capcs swarrow {southwest arrow relation: $\swarrow$}{}{}
\capcs t {tie-after accent for text, as in \t uu}{}{}
\capcs tabalign {equivalent to |\\+|, except it's not |\\outer|}{}{}
\capcs tabskip {glue between columns (or rows) of an alignment}*{}
\capcs tan {tangent function: $\tan$}{}{}
\capcs tanh {hyperbolic tangent function: $\tanh$}{}{}
\capcs tau {math Greek letter $\tau$}{}{}
\capcs tenbf {use $10$-point bold font, |cmbx10|}{}{}
\capcs tenex {use $10$-point math extension font, |cmex10|}{}{}
\capcs teni {use $10$-point math italic font, |cmmi10|}{}{}
\capcs tenit {use $10$-point text italic font, |cmti10|}{}{}
\capcs tenrm {use $10$-point roman text font, |cmr10|}{}{}
\capcs tensl {use $10$-point slanted roman font, |cmsl10|}{}{}
\capcs tensy {use $10$-point math symbol font, |cmsy10|}{}{}
\capcs tentt {use $10$-point typewriter font, |cmtt10|}{}{}
\capcs TeX {produce the \TeX\ logo}{}{}
\capcs textfont {the text style font in a specified math family}*{}
\capcs textindent {like |\\item|, but doesn't do hanging indentation}{}{}
\capcs textstyle {use textstyle size in a formula}*{}
\capcs the {give the value of a specified token}*{}
\capcs theta {math Greek letter $\theta$}{}{}
\capcs Theta {math Greek letter $\Theta$}{}{}
\capcs thickmuskip {glue for a thick math space, by default 5\mud\ plus 5\mud}*{}
\capcs thinmuskip {glue for a thin math space, by default 3\mud}*{}
\capcs thinspace {kern \frac1/6\em}{}{}
\capcs tilde {tilde accent for math, as in $\tilde x$}{}{}
\capcs time {the time of day, in minutes since midnight}*{}
\capcs times {times operator: $\times$}{}{}
\capcs toks {the specified token register}*{}
\capcs toksdef {define a specified control sequence to be a number
   corresponding to a |\\toks| register}*{}
\capcs tolerance {badness tolerance for line breaks with hyphenation}*{}
\margin{{\tt\\topglue} command added; recent addition to \TeX}
\capcs to {mapping relation: $\to$}{}{}
\capcs top {lattice top symbol: $\top$}{}{}
\capcs topglue {produce specified vertical glue at the
   top of a page}{}{}
\capcs topinsert {produce the specified text at top of a page}{}{}
\capcs topmark {|\\botmark| before the current page was boxed}*{}
\capcs topskip {glue between the headline and the first line of text
   on a page, by default 10\pt}*{}
\capcs tracingall {turn on maximal tracing}{}{}
\capcs tracingcommands {display execution of commands}*{}
\capcs tracinglostchars {display characters that are asked for, but not
   defined}*{}
\capcs tracingmacros {display macro expansions}*{}
\capcs tracingonline {show diagnostic output on the terminal as well as in
   the log file}*{}
\capcs tracingoutput {display contents of shipped-out boxes}*{}
\capcs tracingpages {display page break calculations}*{}
\capcs tracingparagraphs {display line break calculations}*{}
\capcs tracingrestores {display values restored at the end
   of a group}*{}
\capcs tracingstats {display memory usage statistics}*{}
\capcs triangle {triangle symbol: $\triangle$}{}{}
\capcs triangleleft {left triangle operator: $\triangleleft$}{}{}
\capcs triangleright {right triangle operator: $\triangleright$}{}{}
\capcs tt {use typewriter type, i.e., do |\\tentt\\fam=\\ttfam|}{}{}
\capcs ttfam {typewriter family for math}{}{}
\capcs ttraggedright {use typewriter type and allow right margins of
   paragraphs to vary from line to line}{}{}
\capcs u {breve accent for text, as in \u r}{}{}
\capcs uccode {the character code for the uppercase form of a letter}*{}
\capcs uchyph {if positive, consider hyphenating words that start with a
   capital letter}*{}
\capcs underbar {underline the specified text without avoiding
   any descenders, as in \underbar{fog}}{}{}
\capcs underbrace {produce a brace covering the bottom of a formula, as in
   $\underbrace{x+x}{}$}{}{}
\capcs underline {underline a math formula below the descenders, as in
   $\underline{x+y}$}*{}
\capcs unhbox {append the contents of the box
   in a specified box
   register to the current list, and void the register; legal only in
   horizontal modes}*{}
\capcs unhcopy {like |\\unhbox|, but doesn't void the register}*{}
\capcs unkern {if the last item on the current list is a kern, remove it}*{}
\capcs unpenalty {if the last item on the current list is a penalty, remove
   it}*{}
\capcs unskip {if the last item on the current list is glue, remove it}*{}
\capcs unvbox {append the contents of the box
   in a specified box
   register to the current list, and void the register; legal only in
   vertical modes}*{}
\capcs unvcopy {like |\\unvbox|, but doesn't void the register}*{}
\capcs uparrow {relation: $\uparrow$}{}{}
\capcs Uparrow {relation: $\Uparrow$}{}{}
\capcs upbracefill {fill enclosing hbox with an upwards facing brace:
   \hbox to 3.5em{\upbracefill}}{}{}
\capcs updownarrow {relation: $\updownarrow$}{}{}
\capcs Updownarrow {relation: $\Updownarrow$}{}{}
\capcs uplus {cupped plus operator: $\uplus$}{}{}
\capcs uppercase {convert lowercase letters in the specified text
   to uppercase}*{}
\capcs upsilon {math Greek letter $\upsilon$}{}{}
\capcs Upsilon {math Greek letter $\Upsilon$}{}{}
\capcs v {check accent for text, as in \v o}{}{}
\capcs vadjust {produce vertical mode material after the current line}*{}
\capcs valign {align text in rows}*{}
\capcs varepsilon {variant math Greek letter $\varepsilon$}{}{}
\capcs varphi {variant math Greek letter $\varphi$}{}{}
\capcs varpi {variant math Greek letter $\varpi$}{}{}
\capcs varrho {variant math Greek letter $\varrho$}{}{}
\capcs varsigma {variant Greek letter $\varsigma$}{}{}
\capcs vartheta {variant math Greek letter $\vartheta$}{}{}
\capcs vbadness {badness threshold for reporting underfull or overfull
   vboxes, by default~1000}*{}
\capcs vbox {produce a vbox whose baseline is that of the bottom box
   enclosed}*{}
\capcs vcenter {center the specified text on the math axis}*{}
\capcs vdash {left turnstile symbol: $\vdash$}{}{}
\capcs vdots {vertical dots for math: \smash{$\vdots$}}{}{}
\capcs vec {vector accent for math, as in $\vec x$}{}{}
\capcs vee {logical ``or'' operator: $\vee$}{}{}
\capcs vert {bar relation: $\vert$}{}{}
\capcs Vert {double bar relation: $\Vert$}{}{}
\capcs vfil {produce infinitely stretchable vertical glue}*{}
\capcs vfill {produce even more infinitely stretchable vertical glue
than that produced by |\\vfil|}*{}
\capcs vfilneg {produce infinitely negative stretchable vertical glue}*{}
\capcs vfootnote {produce a specified footnote with a specified
   reference mark, but don't produce the reference mark in the text}{}{}
\capcs vfuzz {space threshold for reporting overfull vboxes, by default 
   0.1\pt}*{}
\capcs vglue {produce specified vertical glue
   that doesn't disappear at page breaks}{}{}
\capcs voffset {vertical offset relative to one inch from the 
   paper's top edge}*{}
\capcs vphantom {produce an invisible formula with zero width but natural
   height and depth}{}{}
\capcs vrule {produce a vertical rule; legal only in horizontal modes}*{}
\capcs vsize {page height, by default 8.9\thinspace in}*{}
\capcs vskip {produce specified vertical glue}*{}
\capcs vsplit {break the contents of a specified box
   register to the specified height}*{}
\capcs vss {produce vertical glue that is infinitely stretchable and 
   infinitely shrinkable}*{}
\capcs vtop {produce a vbox whose baseline is that of the top box enclosed}*{}
\capcs wd {the width of the box in a specified box register}*{}
\capcs wedge {logical ``and'' operator: $\wedge$}{}{}
\capcs widehat {math accent, as in $\widehat {y+z+a}$}{}{}
\capcs widetilde {math accent $\widetilde {b+c+d}$}{}{}
\capcs widowpenalty {penalty for a single line beginning a page, 
   by default~150}*{}
\capcs wlog {|\\write| the specified token list in the log file}{}{}
\capcs wp {Weierstra\ss\ `p' symbol: $\wp$}{}{}
\capcs wr {wreath product operator: $\wr$}{}{}
\capcs write {write a line to a specified output stream}*{}
\capcs xdef {equivalent to |\\global\\edef|, i.e., globally define a
   macro, immediately expanding the replacement text}*{}
\capcs xi {math Greek letter $\xi$}{}{}
\capcs Xi {math Greek letter $\Xi$}{}{}
\capcs xleaders {produce leaders with leftover space distributed equally
   between the leader boxes}*{}
\capcs xspaceskip {if nonzero and |\\spacefactor|${}\ge2000$, 
   overrides the normal interword glue}*{}
\capcs year {the current year, as a number}*{}
\capcs zeta {math Greek letter $\zeta$}{}{}

\endcapsum
\endchapter
\byebye
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